# 10. sınıf ingilizce reported speech ppt

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## Grammar Focus: Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım) – Part 2 & Advanced Rules

Part 1’de Dolaylı Anlatıma giriş yapmıştık. Şimdi sunumun sonunda listelenen konuları
daha detaylı inceleyelim ve sık yapılan hatalara odaklanalım.

## 1. Pronoun Changes (Zamir Değişimleri)

• Dolaylı anlatıma çevirirken, konuşan kişiye ve aktarılan kişiye göre **zamirler**
değişir.
• **Kural:** Genellikle birinci ve ikinci şahıs zamirleri (I, you, we) 
üçüncü şahıs zamirlerine (he, she, they) dönüşür.

• **Direct:** “**I** have lost **my** pen,” **he** said.
• **Indirect:** **He** 
said that **he** had lost **his** pen.

• **Direct:** “**We** will help **you**,” **they** told **me**.
• **Indirect:** **
They** said that **they** would help **me**.

## 2. Time and Place Expressions (Zaman ve Yer Zarfları)

• Geçmişte söylenen bir sözü şimdi aktarıyorsak, zaman ve yer zarfları da değişir.
•**
now** ➔ **then**• **today** ➔ **that day**• **yesterday** ➔ **the day before / the
previous day**• **tomorrow** ➔ **the next day / the following day**• **last week**
➔ **the week before / the previous week**• **next week** ➔ **the following week**•**
here** ➔ **there**• **this** ➔ **that**• **these** ➔ **those**• **ago** ➔ **before**

• **Direct:** “I will see you **tomorrow**,” she said.
• **Indirect:** She said 
she would see me **the next day**.

• **Direct:** “I saw him **yesterday**,” he said.
• **Indirect:** He said he had
seen him **the day before**.

## 3. Say vs. Tell (Kullanım Farkları)

• **Say:** Nesne almaz. (He said that…)
• **Tell:** Mutlaka bir nesne alır. (He 
told **me** that…)• **Ask:** Soru sormak veya rica etmek için kullanılır. (He asked**
me** if…)

• ❌ He said me that he was tired.
✅ He **told me** that he was tired.✅ He **said**
that he was tired.

## 4. Reporting Questions (Soruların Aktarımı – Detay)

• **Yes/No soruları:** **if** veya **whether** kullanılır.
• **Wh- soruları:** Wh-
kelimesi başa geçer, ardından **düz cümle yapısı** (Subject + Verb) gelir.• Yardımcı
fiiller (do, does, did) kaybolur.

• **Direct:** “Are you coming?” he asked.
• **Indirect:** He asked **if I was coming**.(
Dikkat: “was coming”, “did come” değil)

• **Direct:** “Where does she live?” he asked.
• **Indirect:** He asked **where 
she lived**. (Dikkat: “she lived”, “did she live” değil)

## 5. Mixed Types (Karışık Yapılar – Örnek)

• Bir konuşmada hem düz cümle hem soru hem de emir olabilir. Her birini kendi kuralına
göre aktarırız.

• **Direct:** “I am going to the store. Do you want anything? Don’t forget to lock
the door.”
• **Indirect:** He **said that he was going** to the store. He **asked
if I wanted** anything. He **told me not to forget** to lock the door.

## Common Mistakes (Sık Yapılan Hatalar)

• ❌ She asked me where **did I live**.
✅ She asked me where **I lived**. (Soru
aktarımında düz cümle yapısı kullanılır, yardımcı fiil atılır.)

• ❌ He told to me to open the door.
✅ He told **me** to open the door. (Tell +
object + to V)

• ❌ She suggested to go to the cinema.
✅ She suggested **going** to the cinema.(
Suggest + V-ing)

• ❌ He said that he **has lost** his pen.
✅ He said that he **had lost** his pen.(
Tense backshift kuralı)

• ❌ “I will come,” he said. ➔ He said he **will** come.
✅ He said he **would**
come. (Will ➔ Would)

### Practice: Fill in the Blanks (Part 2)

Aşağıdaki cümleleri dolaylı anlatıma çeviriniz:

 1. “I am very busy **today**,” she said.
    She said that she ________ very busy ________.
 2. “**Close** the window!” the teacher said to us.
    The teacher told us ________ the
    window.
 3. “**Do** you like coffee?” he asked me.
    He asked me ________ I liked coffee.
 4. “**Let’s watch** a movie,” she said.
    She suggested ________ a movie.
 5. “Where **is** the station?” the tourist asked.
    The tourist asked where the station
    ________.
 6. “**Don’t be** late!” my mother said.
    My mother warned me ________ be late.
 7. “I **can’t** speak French,” he said.
    He said that he ________ speak French.
 8. “**What** a wonderful surprise!” she said.
    She exclaimed that ________ a wonderful
    surprise.

### Answer Key (Part 2)

 1. was / that day
 2. to close
 3. if / whether
 4. watching
 5. was
 6. not to
 7. couldn’t
 8. it was

### Summary

• **Statements:** say/tell + that + tense backshift (I am ➔ he was)
• **Commands/
Requests:** tell/ask + object + to + V1 (Open the door ➔ He told me to open the 
door)• **Suggestions:** suggest + V-ing (Let’s go ➔ He suggested going)• **Modals:**
can ➔ could, will ➔ would, must ➔ had to• **Exclamations:** exclaim + that + düz
cümle (What a day! ➔ She exclaimed that it was a beautiful day)• **Questions:** 
ask + if/whether (Yes/No) veya ask + wh- + düz cümle (Where do you live? ➔ He asked
where I lived)• **Mixed Types:** Her cümleyi kendi kuralına göre aktar.

### Mini Quiz (Part 2)

Choose the correct option:

 1. “I will help you,” he said. ➔ He said he **will / would** help me.
 2. “Don’t shout!” she said to him. ➔ She told him **to not / not to** shout.
 3. “Do you play tennis?” she asked. ➔ She asked **if / that** I played tennis.
 4. “Let’s eat pizza,” he said. ➔ He suggested **to eat / eating** pizza.
 5. “Where is my book?” he asked. ➔ He asked where **was his book / his book was**.

**Answers:** 1. would 2. not to 3. if 4. eating 5. his book was