# 10. sınıf ingilizce reported speech slayt

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## Grammar Focus: Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım) – Part 2

Part 1’de Dolaylı Anlatıma giriş yapmıştık. Şimdi sunumun sonunda listelenen **7
ana başlığı** detaylıca inceleyelim.

## 1. Reporting Statements (Düz Cümlelerin Aktarımı)

• Düz cümleleri aktarırken **say** veya **tell** fiilleri kullanılır.
• **tell**
fiilinden sonra mutlaka bir nesne (kime söylendiği) gelmelidir. (He told **me** 
that…)• **say** fiilinden sonra nesne gelmez. (He said that…)

• **Tense Changes (Zaman Değişimleri):** Eğer aktaran kişi (reporting verb) geçmiş
zamanda ise (said, told), aktarılan cümlenin zamanı genellikle bir derece geçmişe
kayar (Backshift).

• **Direct:** “I **am** tired,” he said.
• **Indirect:** He said (that) he **was**
tired.

• **Direct:** “I **lost** my pen,” she said.
• **Indirect:** She said (that) she**
had lost** her pen.

• **Direct:** “I **will** call you,” he said.
• **Indirect:** He said (that) he **
would** call me.

• **Zaman ve Yer Zarflarındaki Değişimler:**

 * now ➔ then
 * today ➔ that day
 * yesterday ➔ the day before
 * tomorrow ➔ the next day / the following day
 * here ➔ there
 * this ➔ that
 * these ➔ those

## 2. Reporting Commands, Advice and Requests (Emir, Tavsiye ve Rica)

• Emir, tavsiye ve ricaları aktarırken **tell, ask, advise, warn, beg, order** gibi
fiiller kullanılır.
• Yapı: **Reporting Verb + Object + to + Verb (infinitive)**

• **Direct:** “Open the door!” he said to me. (Command)
• **Indirect:** He **told
me to open** the door.

• **Direct:** “Please help me,” she said to him. (Request)
• **Indirect:** She **
asked him to help** her.

• **Direct:** “You should see a doctor,” the doctor said to me. (Advice)
• **Indirect:**
The doctor **advised me to see** a doctor.

• **Olumsuz Emirler:** **not to + Verb**
• **Direct:** “Don’t touch the stove!” 
she said to the child.• **Indirect:** She **told the child not to touch** the stove.

## 3. Reporting Suggestions (Önerilerin Aktarımı)

• Önerileri aktarırken **suggest, recommend, propose** fiilleri kullanılır.
• Yapı:**
Suggest + Verb-ing** veya **Suggest + that + Subject + should + Verb**

• **Direct:** “Let’s go to the cinema,” he said.
• **Indirect:** He **suggested 
going** to the cinema. (veya: He suggested that we should go to the cinema.)

• **Direct:** “Why don’t you take a break?” she said.
• **Indirect:** She **suggested
taking** a break. (veya: She suggested that I should take a break.)

## 4. Reporting Modal Verbs (Yardımcı Fiillerin Aktarımı)

• Modal fiiller aktarılırken genellikle geçmiş hallerine dönüşürler.

 * can ➔ could
 * will ➔ would
 * may ➔ might
 * must ➔ had to (veya must – zorunluluk dışındaysa)
 * shall ➔ should / would

• **Direct:** “I **can** swim,” he said.
• **Indirect:** He said he **could** swim.

• **Direct:** “You **must** study harder,” the teacher said.
• **Indirect:** The
teacher said we **had to** study harder.

## 5. Reporting Exclamations (Ünlemlerin Aktarımı)

• Ünlem cümlelerini aktarırken **exclaim, cry out, shout** gibi fiiller kullanılır.
•**
What a…!** ve **How…!** yapıları düz cümleye çevrilir.

• **Direct:** “What a beautiful day!” she said.
• **Indirect:** She **exclaimed 
that it was** a beautiful day.

• **Direct:** “How clever you are!” he said.
• **Indirect:** He **exclaimed that
she was** very clever.

## 6. Reporting Questions (Soruların Aktarımı)

• Soruları aktarırken **ask, wonder, want to know** fiilleri kullanılır.
• **Soru
işareti kaldırılır** ve cümle düz cümle yapısına (Subject + Verb) dönüşür.• **Yardımcı
fiil (do, does, did) kullanılmaz.**

• **Yes/No Questions:** **if** veya **whether** kullanılır.
• **Direct:** “Do you
like tea?” he asked.• **Indirect:** He **asked if I liked** tea.

• **Wh- Questions:** Wh- kelimesi cümlenin başına geçer, ardından düz cümle yapısı
gelir.
• **Direct:** “Where do you live?” she asked.• **Indirect:** She **asked 
where I lived**.

• **Direct:** “What are you doing?” he asked me.
• **Indirect:** He **asked me what
I was doing**.

## 7. Reporting Mixed Types (Karma Yapılar)

• Bazen bir konuşmada hem düz cümle hem soru hem de emir olabilir. Bunları aktarırken
her birini kendi kuralına göre aktarırız.

• **Direct:** “I am going to the store. Do you want anything? Don’t forget to lock
the door.”
• **Indirect:** He **said that he was going** to the store. He **asked
if I wanted** anything. He **told me not to forget** to lock the door.

## Common Mistakes (Sık Yapılan Hatalar)

• ❌ He said me that he was tired.
✅ He **told me** that he was tired. (veya: He
said that he was tired.) – _Say fiili nesne almaz, tell alır._

• ❌ She asked me where **did I live**.
✅ She asked me where **I lived**. (Soru
aktarımında düz cümle yapısı kullanılır.)

• ❌ He told to me to open the door.
✅ He told **me** to open the door. (Tell +
object + to V)

• ❌ She suggested to go to the cinema.
✅ She suggested **going** to the cinema.(
Suggest + V-ing)

• ❌ He said that he **has lost** his pen.
✅ He said that he **had lost** his pen.(
Tense backshift kuralı)

## Practice: Fill in the Blanks

Aşağıdaki cümleleri dolaylı anlatıma çeviriniz:

 1. “I am very busy,” she said.
    She said that she ________ very busy.
 2. “Close the window!” the teacher said to us.
    The teacher told us ________ the window.
 3. “Do you like coffee?” he asked me.
    He asked me ________ I liked coffee.
 4. “Let’s watch a movie,” she said.
    She suggested ________ a movie.
 5. “Where is the station?” the tourist asked.
    The tourist asked where the station 
    ________.
 6. “Don’t be late!” my mother said.
    My mother warned me ________ be late.
 7. “I can’t speak French,” he said.
    He said that he ________ speak French.
 8. “What a wonderful surprise!” she said.
    She exclaimed that ________ a wonderful 
    surprise.

### Answer Key

 1. was
 2. to close
 3. if / whether
 4. watching
 5. was
 6. not to
 7. couldn’t
 8. it was

### Summary

• **Statements:** say/tell + that + tense backshift (I am ➔ he was)
• **Commands/
Requests:** tell/ask + object + to + V1 (Open the door ➔ He told me to open the 
door)• **Suggestions:** suggest + V-ing (Let’s go ➔ He suggested going)• **Modals:**
can ➔ could, will ➔ would, must ➔ had to• **Exclamations:** exclaim + that + düz
cümle (What a day! ➔ She exclaimed that it was a beautiful day)• **Questions:** 
ask + if/whether (Yes/No) veya ask + wh- + düz cümle (Where do you live? ➔ He asked
where I lived)• **Mixed Types:** Her cümleyi kendi kuralına göre aktar.

### Mini Quiz

Choose the correct option:

 1. “I will help you,” he said. ➔ He said he **will / would** help me.
 2. “Don’t shout!” she said to him. ➔ She told him **to not / not to** shout.
 3. “Do you play tennis?” she asked. ➔ She asked **if / that** I played tennis.
 4. “Let’s eat pizza,” he said. ➔ He suggested **to eat / eating** pizza.
 5. “Where is my book?” he asked. ➔ He asked where **was his book / his book was**.

**Answers:** 1. would 2. not to 3. if 4. eating 5. his book was