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RELATIVE CLAUSES
Sıfat cümlecikleri
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Tanımlayıcı Sıfat Cümlecikleri
Bana bir adam getirin.
Bring a man to me.
Hangi adam: HANGİSİ OLURSA OLSUN. ☺
WHICH MAN
Kimi bulursan / kim olursa, BELLİ DEĞİL
ADAM HAKKINDA BİR BİLGİMİZ YOK.
Bana balık tutan adamı getirin.
Hangi adamı:
BALIK TUTAN adamı
Defining relative clause
Bir öğrenci çağır.
Hangi öğrenci:
HANGİSİ OLURSA OLSUN. ☺
Kimi görürsen / BELLİ DEĞİL
A student
Ödevini yapan bir öğrenci gelsin.
Hangi öğrenci:
Ödevini yapan bir öğrenci
Defining relative clause
Bir doktor çağırın.
Hangi dokturu:
HANGİSİ OLURSA OLSUN. ☺
Herhangi bir özellik belirtilmemiş
A doctor
Çocukları seven bir doktor çağırın
Hangi doktoru:
Çocukları seven doktoru
Defining relative clause
Bir öğretmen istiyorum.
Hangi öğretmeni:
HANGİSİ OLURSA OLSUN. ☺
Her hangi bir özellik belirtilmemiş.
A teacher
İşini seven bir öğretmen istiyorum.
Hangi öğretmen:
İşini seven bir öğretmen
Defining relative clause
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
We use DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
to identify
WHO or WHAT
we are talking about.
THE GIRL is my cousin.
THE GIRL is dancing the tango.
THE GIRL WHO is dancing the tango is my cousin.
Defining Relative Clause
THE GIRL is my cousin.
THE GIRL is dancing the tango.
Burada bize iki cümlenin verildiğini
görüyorsunuz.
Kız benim kuzenimdir.
Kız tango dansı yapıyor.
THE GIRL is my cousin.
THE GIRL is dancing the tango.
Bu iki cümleyi en güzel şekilde
birleştirmemiz gerektiğinde şöyle deriz;
Tango dansı yapan kız benim kuzenimdir.
THE GIRL is my cousin.
THE GIRL is dancing the tango.
Bu iki cümleyi birleştirmek için
RELATIVE PRONOUNS lardan faydalanırız.
WHO, WHICH, THAT
Kişilerde: Who
Nesnelerde: Which
Hem kişi hem de nesnelerde THAT zamiri kullanılır.
THE GIRL is my cousin.
THE GIRL is dancing the tango.
İki cümlede ORTAK OLAN ÖĞE
bulunur, (the girl)
öğenin (the girl) kişi veya nesne oluşuna göre
WHO, WHICH, (that) seçilir.
Hangi kız benim kuzenimdir?
Tango dansı yapan kız
The girl WHO is dancing the tango
Elde edilen bölüm birinci satırda ortak
olan öğeden sonra yazılıp cümle
tamamlanır.
The girl is my cousin
The girl is dancing the tango.
The girl
Who
The girl who is dancing the tango
The girl who is dancing the tango is my
cousin.
THE GIRL is my cousin.
SHE is dancing the tango.
THE GIRL
WHO is dancing the tango
is my cousin.
The girl who is dancing the tango is my cousin.
The driver is in hospital now.
The driver never stops at the red
lights.
The driver
WHO
never stops at the red lights
is in hospital now.
The driver is in hospital now.
He never stops at the red lights.
The driver
WHO
never stops at the red lights
is in hospital now.
The driver WHO never stops at the red
lights
Kırmızı ışıkta hiç durmayan sürücü
is in hospital now.
şimdi hastanededir.
The driver WHO nevers stops at the red
lights is in hospital now.
Students can’t get high marks.
Students don’t study hard.
Students
WHO
don’t study hard
can’t get high marks.
Students WHO don’t study hard
Çok ders çalışmayan öğrenciler
can’t get high marks.
yüksek not alamaz.
Students WHO don’t study hard can’t get
high marks.
Students can’t get high marks.
They don’t study hard.
Students
WHO
don’t study hard
can’t get high marks.
The man is a lawyer.
The man is making a speech right now.
The man
WHO
is making a speech right now
is a lawyer.
The man WHO is making a speech right now
Şimdi konuşma yapan adam
is a lawyer.
Şimdi konuşma yapan adam bir avukattır.
The man is a lawyer.
He is making a speech right now.
The man
WHO
is making a speech right now
is a lawyer.
The man applied for the job.
The man has the necessary
qualifications.
The man
WHO
has the necessary qualifications
applied for the job.
The man WHO has the necessary qualifications
Gereken niteliklere sahip olan adam
applied for the job.
Gerekli niteliklere sahip olan adam iş için
başvurdu.
The man applied for the job.
He has the necessary qualifications.
The man
WHO
has the necessary qualifications
applied for the job.
The man is a pilot. (Adam bir pilottur.)
The man lives next door.(Adam bitişiğimizde oturur.)
The man
WHO
lives next door
is a pilot.
The man WHO lives next door is a pilot.
(Bitişiğimizde oturan adam bir pilottur.)
The man is a pilot.
He lives next door.
The man
WHO
lives next door
is a pilot.
I know a man.
A man can speak Spanish very well.
I know a man
WHO
can speak Spanish very well.
I know a man WHO can speak Spanish very well.
I know a man.
A man can speak Spanish very well.
HE can speak Spanish very well.
I know a man
WHO
can speak Spanish very well.
I know a man WHO can speak Spanish very well.
People held congresses in Erzurum and then in Sivas.
People supported Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his friends.
They supported Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his friends.
People
WHO
supported Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his friends
held congresses in Erzurum and then in Sivas.
WHICH / NESNE
The bus is always crowded.
The bus goes to Karşıyaka.
Otobüs her zaman kalabalıktır.
Otobüs Karşıyaka’ya gider.
Hangi otobüs her zaman kalabalıktır?
Karşıyaka’ya giden otobüs.
İşe bu iki cümleyi bu şekilde birleştirmek için
RELATIVE PRONOUNS (who, which, that)
zamirlerinden faydalanıyorduk.
Bu cümlelerde ortak olan öğeleri bulalım.
Görüldüğü gibi ortak olan öğeler
RENKLENDİRİLMİŞ.
Ortak öğenin KİŞİ mi (WHO)
NESNE veya HAYVAN mı (WHICH) olduğuna
karar verelim.
The bus is always crowded.
The bus goes to Karşıyaka.
Bu cümlelerde ortak olan öğeleri bulalım.
The bus (1. cümledeki)
Kişi ise WHO, NESNE veya HAYVAN ise
WHICH yazalım. (2. cümledeki ortak öğenin yerine)
The bus
WHICH
goes to Karşıyaka.
is always crowded.
The bus is always crowded.
IT goes to Karşıyaka.
Bu cümlelerde ortak olan öğeleri bulalım.
The bus (1. cümledeki)
It (= the bus, 2. cümledeki)
- cümledeki ortak öğeyi YAZARIZ
The bus
Yazdığımız bu İSİM
Kişi ise WHO, NESNE veya HAYVAN ise
WHICH yazarız. (2. cümledeki ortak öğenin yerine)
The bus WHICH
The bus olduğuna göre (nesne, cansız)
WHICH yazarız.
The bus is always crowded.
IT goes to Karşıyaka.
The bus IT goes to Karşıyaka
The bus WHICH
The bus is always crowded.
IT goes to Karşıyaka.
Cümlenin kalan kısmını ekleriz.
The bus WHICH
goes to Karşıyaka
Ve son olarak da BİRİNCİ CÜMLENİN
mavi bölümü ekleriz.
The bus which goes to Karşıyaka
is always crowded.
(Karşıyaka’ya giden otobüs her zaman kalabalıktır.)
The film was interesting.
The film was on tv last night.
The film
WHICH was on tv last night
was interesting.
The film which was on tv last night was
interesting.
The car belongs to my uncle.
The car is very comfortable.
The car
WHICH is very comfortable
belongs to my uncle.
The car which is very comfortable
belongs to my uncle.
The car which is very comfortable
Çok konforlu olan araba
belongs to my uncle.
amcama aittir.
The car which is very comfortable
belongs to my uncle.
I broke the mirror.
The mirror was above the fireplace.
I broke the mirror WHICH was on the
fireplace.
I broke (Ben kırdım.)
the mirror WHICH was on the fireplace.
(şöminenin üzerindeki ayna)
I broke the mirror which was on the
fireplace.
Şöminenin üzerindeki aynayı kırdım.
He has got a job.
The job isn’t very interesting.
He has got a job which
isn’t very interesting.
He has got a job which isn’t very
interesting.
He has got a job.
It isn’t very interesting.
He has got a job which
isn’t very interesting.
He has got a job which isn’t very
interesting.
She keeps telling us things.
Things are always boring.
They are always boring.
She keeps telling us things WHICH are
always boring.
What is the name of the fairy tale?
The fairy tale is about a wooden puppet.
It is about a wooden puppet.
What is the name of the fairy tale WHICH is
about a wooden puppet?
Do you know anything about the programme?
The programme controls the security system.
It controls the security system.
Do you know anything about the programme WHICH
controls the security system.
The car was mine. (Araba benimkiydi.)
The car broke down. (Araba bozuldu.)
It broke down. (O bozuldu.)
The car WHICH broke down was mine.
The car which broke down was mine.
(Bozulan araba benimkiydi.)
Relative Clause / w h e r e
The room faces the sea.
I am staying i n a r o o m.
The room
Where
Where I am staying
faces the sea
The room where I am staying faces the sea.
The room faces the sea.
I am staying THERE.
The room
Where
Where I am staying
faces the sea
The room where I am staying faces the sea.
The hotel was very cheap and clean.
We stayed there last year.
The hotel
Where
The hotel where
The hotel where we stayed last year
The hotel where we stayed last year was very
cheap and clean.
The shop will be sold.
I buy my food at that shop.
The shop
Where
Where I buy my food
Will be sold.
The shop where I buy my food will be sold.
The street is very busy.
We live on the street.
The street
Where
Where we live
İs very busy.
The street where we live is very busy.
The street is very busy.
We live THERE.
The street
Where
Where we live
is very busy.
The street where we live is very busy.
The house was demolished.
I was born in it.
The house
Where
Where I was born
Was demolished.
The house where I was born was
demolished.
The house was demolished.
I was born THERE.
The house
Where
Where I was born
Was demolished.
The house where I was born was
demolished.
The area has got a magnificent view.
We camped there last summer.
The area
Where
The area where we camped last summer
Has got a magnificent view.
The area where we camped last summer
has got a magnificent view
The land belongs to the state.
People are building houses on it illegally.
The land
Where
Where people are building houses illegally
Belongs to the state.
The land where people are building houses
illegally belongs to the state.
The land belongs to the state.
People are building houses THERE illegally.
The land
Where
Where people are building houses illegally
Belongs to the state.
The land where people are building houses
illegally belongs to the state.
We took a seat.
We could see the stage well from there.
We took a seat
Where
We took a seat where
we could see the stage well.
The hotel wasn’t very clean.
We stayed in the hotel.
We stayed there.
The hotel WHERE
The hotel WHERE we stayed
The hotel WHERE we stayed wasn’t very
clean.
Relative Clauses / wHoSe
We saw some people. (THEY)
Their car had broken down.
We saw some people
WHOSE
WHOSE car
WHOSE car had broken down
We saw some people whose car had broken
down.
What is the name of the girl? (SHE)
Her car you borrowed.
What is the name of the girl
Whose
Whose car
you borrowed?
What is the name of the girl WHOSE car you
borrowed?
I know the man. (HE)
You are living in HIS house.
I know the man
HIS house
WHOSE house
WHOSE house you are living in.
I know the man whose house you are living in.
Do you know the woman? (SHE)
HER car was stolen yesterday.
Do you know the woman
HER car
WHOSE car
WHOSE car was stolen yesterday
Do you know the woman whose car was stolen
yesterday?
Do you remember the boy? (He)
The boy’s father showed us the way to the park.
HIS father showed us the way to the park.
Do you remember the boy
HIS father
WHOSE father
WHOSE father showed us the way to the park
Do you remember the boy whose father showed us the
way to the park?
We must listen to the people. (They)
The people’s thoughts are important to us.
THEIR thoughts are important to us.
We must listen to the people
The people’s thoughts
THEIR
WHOSE thoughts
WHOSE thoughts are important to us.
We must listen to the people whose thoughts are important to us.
The man has gone to the police station.
The man’s house was burgled last night.
HIS
The man
The man’s house
HIS house
WHOSE house
WHOSE house was burgled last night
has gone to the police station.
The man whose house was burgled last night
has gone to the police station.
The people are living in terrible conditions.
THEIR houses were flooded last week.
The poeple
WHOSE houses
WHOSE houses were flooded last week
Are living in terrible conditions.
The poeple WHOSE houses were flooded last
week are living in terrible conditions.
Türkan Şoray is a famous actress.
I admire HER films.
Türkan Şoray
Türkan Şoray’s films
Her
WHOSE films
WHOSE films I admire
is a famous actress.
Türkan Şoray whose films I admire is a
famous actress.
The student was sad.
The student’s father died.
His father died.
The student
The student’s father
His
WHOSE father
WHOSE father died
The student whose father died was sad.
I have a friend. (he)
His eyes are green.
I have a friend
I have a friend HIS eyes
I have a friend WHOSE eyes
I have a friend whose eyes are green.
I have a friend whose eyes are green.
Gözleri yeşil olan bir arkadaş
Yeşil gözlü bir arkadaş
Bir arkadaş Kİ ONUN gözleri yeşildir.
a friend whose eyes are green.
I have a friend whose eyes are green.
(Ben gözleri yeşil bir arkadaşa sahibim.)
I like the students. (they)
We visited the students’ school.
We visited their school.
I like the students
I like the students their school
I like the students WHOSE school
I like the students WHOSE school we visited
I like the students whose school we visited.
Did you see the house? (IT)
Its windows are pink.
Did you see the house its windows
Did you see the house whose windows
Did you see the house whose windows are pink
Did you see the house WHOSE windows are pink?
Pencereleri pembe olan ev.
Pembe pencereli ev.
Ev ki onun pencereleri pembedir.
The house
whose windows
are pink.
I have a neighbour.
Her dog always barks.
I have a neighbour her dog
I have a neighbour WHOSE dog
I have a neighbour whose dog always barks.
I love roses. (THEY)
Roses’ thorns are harmful. (zararlı)
Their thorns (dikenler) are harmful.
I love roses
I love roses Roses’ thorns
I love roses Their
I love roses whose thorns
I love roses whose thorns are harmful
I love roses whose thorns are harmful.
RELATIVE CLAUSE / WHEN
1960 is the year.
I was born in 1960.
I was born THEN
1960 is the year IN 1960
THEN
1960 is the year W H E N I was born.
when
July is the month.
The weather is the hottest in that month.
The weather is the hottest THEN
in that month
then
July is the month in that month
July is the month then
July is the month WHEN the weather is the
hottest.
WHEN
08.30 is the time.
Our lessons start at that time
Our lessons start THEN
08.30 is the time at that time
THEN
08.30 is the time WHEN our lessons start.
I will never forget the day.
I fell in love with you on that day.
I fell in love with you THEN
On that day
T h e n
I will never forget the day on that day
THEN
I will never forget the day WHEN I fell in love
with you.
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