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Open in new tab POETRY
WHAT IS A POETRY?
Poetry is hundred of things coming together and mean different to each person
Poetry has the economical use of language (it use figurative language)
Different from novel and stories, to understand meaning ,you should look beyond the lines
Drama is different because it is written for stage but some drama types resemble poetry
It is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; It is the sound of human speech; It includes the best words
in the best order; It is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality
Poetry is Feeling.
HOW TO READ A POEM
*read once straight through without any particular
purpose
*use punctuation to guide
- read second time
*pay attention to line breaks
*be careful about sentence structure
*visualize what you read
*enter into the spirit
*try to achieve some sense of overall organization
*notice the action –whowhat –whenwhere?
*analyze the poet’s intent
*determine who is speaking
*establish the speaker’s tone
*identify to whom the poem is addressed
*reread the confusing parts
*check unfamiliar references
*analyze the language of a poem
*look fort he meaning and the theme
TYPES OF POETRY
LYRIC: Başta şarkılar içinmiş, şimdi daha çok okumak için yazılıyor. NARRATIVE: Olay, destan veya hikaye anlatımı vardır. Fiction olabilir. Şeyh bedrettin destanı
DRAMATIC: the voice of an imaginary character is presented with direct speech and without any intervention
by the author. It can be used to perform on the stage. ELEMENTS OF POETRY
VOICE: speaker of the poem. Referred as POETIC VOICE. TONE: attitude of the writer toward the subject matter of the poem
MOOD: the atmosphere
LITERARY DEVICES IN POETRY
ALLITERATION: vurgulu hecelerin veya kelimelerin başındaki ses yenilemesi (/aynı sesin tekrarı)
Initial Alliteration: Ardışık seslerin başında görülürse.
Internal/Hidden Alliteration: Kelimenin içinde görülürse. ASSONANCE: Cümlenin içinde aynı sesli harflerin tekrarı. CONSONANCE: 2 veya daha fazla sessiz harf ile yapılır. (livelove, pitterpatter)
RIME(RHYME): Kafiye/Uyak.
Exact Rime (cagerage)
Slant Rime (son sessizler aynı fakat sesliler farklıysa.) (lapshape, gloriousnefarious)
End Rime (kafiye dizenin sonundaysa)
Internal Rime (kafiye dizenin içindeyse) (Eg: In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud)
Masculine Rime (sadece son hecede olan kafiye) ( theephy, spentwent)
Feminine Rime (son heceden bir öncekinde de olan kafiye ) (paintedacquainted, passionfashion)
Eye Rime (yazılışında kafiye olan ama telaffuzunda olmayan) (provelove, sewfew, strangeranger)
ONOMOTOPOEIA (echo) (doğa sesleri)
ALLUSION (ima, laf çarptırma.)
APOSTROPHE: (yaşamayan biri yada bir olguya hitap) (Eg: Science ! True daughter of Old Time)
EUPHEMISM (kibarlaştırma) (öldü yerine vefat etti demek gibi)
HYPERBOLE (mübalağa sanatı)
IMAGE/IMAGERY: (somutlaştırma)
IRONY: (bildiğimiz ironi)
METONYMY: (kinaye. “Ankara” derken hükümeti kastetmemiz. Benzetme yoktur)
METAPHOR (mecaz ) (All the world is a stage. Benzetme vardır.)
SIMILE: ( metaphor gibi benzetme. Farkı ise “gibi” kelimesi kullanılır)
CONCEIT: (extended metaphor) (birbirinden normalde çok farklı iki şeyi birbirine benzetme)
PERSONIFICATION (animating )
PARADOX: (çelişki) ( eg ‘the child is father to the man) (ilk bakışta mantıksız, sonradan anlaşılır)
OXYMORON: (contradictory terms are combined) (Eg: Silent scream)
PUN: (cinas) (bir kelimeyi iki manada kullanmak) (hani dizi varya “türk malı” J)
SYMBOL:
NOVEL
Types of Novels
Realistic Novel
This type of novel is sometimes referred to as “the
novel of manners”. In this type of novel, characters
are usually complex ones with mixed motives often
rooted in their social class. Historical Novel
In this type of novel, characters and events are
placed in past time. Epistolary Novel
In this type of novel, the story is told through letters
written by one or more of the characters. It presents
an intimate view of the characters’ thoughts without
the interference of the author and contributes to the
dramatic atmosphere of the novel.
Picaresque Novel
The name of this type of novel comes from the
Spanish word ‘picaresco’ which means rouge or
rascal. The adventures of an eccentric or
disreputable hero are told in an episodic form. Psychological Novel
In this type of novel, attention is given to the
thoughts, feelings, motives and inner states of the
characters. Gothic Novel
In this type of novel, the atmosphere of the novel is
created through supernatural and mystic elements
like monsters, ghosts and demons Mary Shelley’s
Frankenstein (1817) is an example of a gothic
novel. 2009Final 2009Bütünleme 2010Final 2010Bütünleme 2011Jtahminimce Novel 1 1 1 1 1
Fr ankenstein 4 4 2 Cat on HTR
Dr ama 1 1 4 4 1
Our Day Out 2 2 2 2 2 Lord of t F. Sh. In Drama 3 3 3 3 3
M.of Venice 12 12 13 13 13 12. Night
Sense & Sens. 1 3 1 1 2 Jane Eyre
Poetry 11 9 11 11 11
2009B
The main purpose of the tragedy is to evoke pity
and fear
Under the patronage of James I, Shakespeare’s
theatre company took the name: The King’s Man
Shakespeare became familiar with classical drama
in London
In psychological novel, attention is given to the
thoughts, feelings, motives and inner states of the
characters
Poetry evokes different emotions for different
people. >The words in poetry are put together for artistic
creation. The use of language is economical in
poetry. >Voice is the speaker of the poem and it may be the
poet himself or a character created by the poem. > Tlottlot Tlottlot! Had they heard it? The horse
hoofs ringing clear,
Tlottlot, tlottlot, in the distance? Were they deaf
that they did not hear? (onomatopoeia)
“The glorious lamp of heaven the sun”
(metaphor)
“Because I could not stop for Death
He kindly stopped for me” (personification)
Lyric poetry includes expressions of thoughts and
feelings of a single speaker and it is suitable for
music and singing.
Onomatopoeia and Assonance are composed
through play on sounds. 2009F
In psychological novel, attention is given to the
thoughts, feelings, motives and inner states of the
characters
The group of people who comment on events that
take place on the stage are chorus. >The source of conflict in Shakespeare’s tragedies
is within the hero himself.Name of the company of Shakespeare in the
period of Elizabeth I is The Company of Lord
Chamberlain’s Men
the most outstanding characteristic of
Shakespeare’s early plays is his immature plot and
lack of dramatic organization. >Elements of Poetry: Mood, tone Voice (and
Figures of Speech)
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds to
create an effect, whereas alliteration is the
repetition of the same consonant sounds. >Differences of poetry from other genres: Figures
of speech are used extensively to provoke
emotions; Language is used economically; Play on
words and ungrammatical word order create an
effect; Difference interpretations are possible due to
distinctive use of language and style. >In narrative poetry, there is the description of
series of events and its aim is to tell a story
Onomatopoeia and Consonance are composed
through play on sounds
“Ankara denied all the rumors about the recent
terrorist attacks” (metonymy)
Phrases like “sweet enemy”, “terribly beautiful”
and “little giant” are examples to Oxymoron
“I wear my patience like a lightgreen dress and
wear it thin” (smile)
“Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul” (metaphor)
“The wind stood up and gave a shout, He whistled on his fingers and
Kicked the withered leaves about” (personification)
2010F
In epistolary novel, the story is told through letters
written by one or more of the characters
The language and style of poetry is similar to that
of a novel and short story. The use of language is
economical in poetry. >Dramatic poetry involves the voice of imaginary
characters presented with direct speech and without
any intervention by the author. >Tone is the attitude of the poet to the subject
matter of the poem and it is usually expressed by
using certain adjectives. >Onomatopoeia and Assonance are composed
through play on sound
“So deep in love am I
And I will love thee still, my dear
Till all the seas gang dry” (gangget is hyperbole)
“What did we say to each other
That now we are as the deer
Who walk in single file
With heads high”(smile)
“shoes, secret face of my inner life
Two gaping toothless mouths” (metaphor)
“The clouds are holding the hands of the sun”
(personification)
“Science! True daughter of Old Time thou art”
(apostrophe)“passed away” instead of “dead” is euphemism. >Act is the main division of a play
Antagonist is the person or thing that struggles
against the protagonist in a play
The type of comedy that aims at simple laughter is
farce
Miracle plays are dramatizations of the lives of
Christian Saint
Romances were produced during the last years of
Shakespeare’s career. >Time and nature are the ultimate powers in
Shakespeare’s tragedies. >Functions of the mistaken identities in
Shakespeare: They contribute to the overall comic
effect. They make the plot more complicated.
2010B
In Gothic novel, the atmosphere is created through
supernatural and mystic elements like monsters, ghosts and demons. >Different interpretations and ambiguities are
possible in poetry analysis
Narrative involves the description of series of
events and its aim is to tell a story. >Elements of Poetry: Mood, tone Voice (and
Figures of Speech)
Metaphor and Allusion are composed through
play on words. ????????
“The White House declared that it is a
government policy to protect the rights of the poor
people” (metonymy)
“Life, like a dome of manycolored glass, Stains the white radiance of Eternity.” (smile)
“Faster than greased lightning” and “I’ve told him
a thousand time” (hyperbole)
Implying the opposite of what is meant is called
irony
Euphemism is the substitution of a mild, indirect
and inoffensive term instead of an offensive or
harsh term
“Wisdom calls aloud in the street”
(Personification)
Main difference between a play and a work of
fiction is “a play is addressed not to readers but to
spectators
A play without words is called pantomime
Low comedy place greater emphasis on physical
action and gags, and its verbal jokes do not require
much intellection to appreciate. >Weakness of character in tragic hero is Hamartia
The common point of Shakespeare’s plays: they
always end with restoration of order and stability
“The material and the physical circumstances of
production” are the basic factors that determined
the plots, chronology and location of Shakespeare’s
dramas. >Romances were done by Shakespeare in his last
years.
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