1.–18. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen kelime ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. I tried hard to ---- why the motor would have to be replaced, but he couldn’t understand what I was trying to say.
insist
complain
reply
inform
explain
The market for computers and all related goods has been ---- rapidly in recent years.
reaching
expanding
exploring
exceeding
disturbing
The company is not only looking for well- qualified people; it also wants them to be ---- about their work.
enthusiastic
comprehensive
relevant
indifferent
convenient
They still haven’t come to an ---- about which play they are going to put on next term.
opinion
assessment
appointment
agreement
event
My car ---- as I was on my way to pick up the children from school.
got off
broke down
let down
gave in
took off
I met your father once years ago, but I can ---- remember him.
hardly
enormously
extremely
immensely
simultaneously
He ---- a book in the garden when I ---- there.
will read / have got
is reading / will get
was reading / got
would be reading / was getting
had read / had got
I’m sure he ---- to let us know where he was if he ---- able to do so.
telephoned / would be
will have telephoned / was
would telephone / has been
has telephoned / is
would have telephoned / had been
The house looked dreadful as no one was living there and most of the windows ----.
have been broken
had been broken
broke
were being broken
would have broken
They ---- Bursa before, so they ---- what to expect.
weren’t visiting / haven’t known
haven’t visited / haven’t known
didn’t visit / hadn’t known
don’t visit / won’t know
hadn’t visited / didn’t know
I suppose we can take a walk in the garden for a while after the meal, ----?
don’t we
won’t I
can’t we
can we
do I
For years the people ---- my hometown depended ---- steel, coal and fishing for their livelihood.
at / for
from / to
of / by
in / on
out of / on
Because Susan was looking very sad, John tried to cheer her ---- by reading her a story.
up
through
in
over
on
There’s a photograph here ---- you taken ---- your first birthday.
from / by
by / to
of / on
to / over
on / near
When the class laughed, the poor boy felt ---- uncomfortable ---- he didn’t know whether to keep his cap in his hand or not.
such / that
that / as
as / as
more / than
so / that
I’m afraid I can’t afford to pay ---- that for a pair of shoes.
too much
as much as
so much
as many as
much more
If Clare says she won’t lend you ---- calculator, then I’ll lend you ----.
hers / ours
his / me
her / mine
their / him
your / his
He hasn’t written to me, and I don’t think he’s written to any of his other friends, ----.
either
too
as well
neither
also
19.–24. sorularda, cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
As there is a complete standardization of every product in this fast-food restaurant chain, ----.
the first restaurant to be opened in Britain was in 1974
they were already doing business in 52 countries in the world
the company was by then opening a new restaurant at the rate of one per day
every French fry and every burger tastes exactly the same as every other
yet another one was opened in Moscow in 1990
----, who really established and developed the thriller style in films.
The cartoon is another popular type of film, especially among children
Strong film industries began to emerge in other countries
Contemporary issues such as violence and poverty will attract the attention of many film directors
Star Wars is perhaps his best film
It was the film director Alfred Hitchcock
As the daily temperature change on the planet Mercury is extreme, ----.
its rocky surface cracks, producing cliffs and canyons
there hasn’t been sufficient atmosphere to hold the heat
the explorations carried out so far would have been very costly
the craters in its surface were formed by rocks from outer space
there was no evidence to suggest that this was due to volcanic activity
The manager promised to promote her ----.
if she has proved far more efficient than any of the other employees
that she has really deserved it
as she had been working for the company for so many years
unless there was a good reason for doing so
until the company's annual budget is approved
I asked my little three-year-old niece ----.
whether her mother has gone out
who she was going to invite to her party
that she liked going to the zoo
why she has made her little brother cry
what her mother is making for dinner
It’s a good idea to walk everywhere ----.
however far it must have seemed
even though you were so tired
whenever they went to the museum
if you want to learn your way around the town
since their house was on the outskirts of the town
25.–32. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin anlamına en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
Poetry, which is as universal as language, has for centuries been written and read by all kinds of people everywhere.
Şiir, yüzyıllar boyunca her yerde, her türlü insan tarafından yazıldığı ve okunduğu için dil kadar evrenseldir.
Dil gibi şiir de o kadar evrenseldir ki her türlü insan tarafından, her yerde yazılmış ve her zaman okunmuştur.
Dil kadar evrensel olan şiir, yüzyıllardır her yerde, her türlü insan tarafından yazılmış ve okunmuştur.
Yüzyıllardır dünyanın her yerinde ve her toplumda yazılıp okunan şiir, dil gibi evrenseldir.
Şiir de dil gibi yüzyıllar boyunca evrensel kabul edilmiş, her yerde ve herkes tarafından yazılıp okunmuştur.
The parliaments of the member states of the European Union agreed on the use of a single currency to be known as ‘the Euro’.
‘Euro’, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin, kullanımı üzerinde anlaştığı tek para birimi olarak bilinmektedir.
‘Euro’, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin parlamentolarının, kullanımı üzerinde anlaşabildiği tek para birimidir.
Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin parlamentoları, kullanacakları tek para birimini ‘Euro’ olarak adlandırma konusunda anlaşmışlardır.
Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin parlamentoları, kullanımı üzerinde uzlaştıkları tek para birimini ‘Euro’ olarak adlandırmışlardır.
Avrupa Birliği’ne üye devletlerin parlamentoları, ‘Euro’ olarak bilinen tek bir para biriminin kullanımı üzerinde anlaştılar.
To prevent traffic accidents, one of the precautions suggested in many countries is to increase the minimum age of driving to 21.
Araba kullanma yaşının 21’e yükseltilmesi, trafik kazalarının azaltılması için birçok ülkede alınan önlemlerden biridir.
Trafik kazalarını engellemenin yollarından biri olan araba kullanma yaşının en az 21 olması, birçok ülkede taraftar bulmaktadır.
Birçok ülkede, trafik kazalarına karşı alınması gereken önlemlerden birinin, araba kullanma yaşının 21’e yükseltilmesi olduğu savunul- maktadır.
Trafik kazalarını önlemek için pek çok ülkede önerilen önlemlerden biri, araba kullanma yaşının en az 21’e yükseltilmesidir.
Birçok ülkede, araba kullanma yaşının 21’e yükseltilmesinin, trafik kazalarını önleme yollarından biri olduğu kabul ediliyor.
The Amazon rainforest, which contains around 80 thousand different kinds of plants, is the most biologically diverse place on Earth.
Yaklaşık 80 bin değişik tür bitkiyi içeren Amazon yağmur ormanları, biyolojik olarak Dünya’da en fazla çeşitliliğe sahip olan yerdir.
Amazon yağmur ormanları, biyolojik çeşitlilik açısından Dünya’nın en zengin bölgesi olduğundan, değişik 80 bin tür bitkiyi içerir.
Biyolojik olarak Dünya’da en fazla çeşitliliğe sahip bölge olan Amazon yağmur ormanlarında, yaklaşık 80 bin değişik bitki çeşidi olduğu bilinmektedir.
80 bin değişik bitkinin bulunması nedeniyle Amazon yağmur ormanları Dünya’da biyolojik bakımdan en zengin yerdir.
Biyolojik bakımdan en fazla çeşitliliğe sahip bölge olarak bilinen Amazon yağmur ormanları, Dünya’daki 80 bin değişik türdeki bitkiyi barındırmaktadır.
Psychologists tell us that, unless we take notes and review what we have learned, we forget over 80 per cent of what we have learned.
Psikologlara göre, not tutar ve öğrendiklerimizi tekrar gözden geçirirsek, bunların % 80’inden fazlasını unutmayız.
Psikologlar bize, not almadığımız ve öğrendiklerimizi tekrar gözden geçirmediğimiz takdirde bunların % 80’inden fazlasını unuttuğumuzu söylüyorlar.
Psikologlar, öğrendiklerimizin % 80’ini unutmamamız için not almamız ve öğrendiklerimizi gözden geçirmemiz gerektiğini belirtiyorlar.
Psikologların söylediğine göre, biz öğrendiklerimizin % 80’ini not etmez ve tekrar gözden geçirmezsek unutuyoruz.
Psikologlar, bize öğrendiklerimizi not alsak ve tekrar gözden geçirsek bile % 80’ini unutacağımızı söylüyorlar.
Marine life is being photographed using special cameras made to withstand the pressure of the water.
Özellikle deniz yaşamının fotoğraflarını çekmek için kullanılan kameralar, suyun basıncına dayanıklıdır.
Deniz yaşamının fotoğraflarını çekebilen, suyun basıncına dayanıklı özel kameralar yapılmıştır.
Deniz yaşamının fotoğrafları, suyun basıncına dayanacak biçimde yapılmış olan özel kameralar kullanılarak çekilmektedir.
Suyun basıncına dayanabilen kameraların yapılması, deniz yaşamının fotoğraflarının çekilmesini sağlamıştır.
Deniz yaşamının fotoğrafları çekilirken, basınca dayanıklı özel kameralar kullanılmaktadır.
A great many inventions have been made through history, but the invention of the computer has probably been more influential on our way of life than any other.
Tarih boyunca birçok buluş yapılmıştır; ancak, bilgisayarın icadı, yaşam biçimimiz üzerinde muhtemelen diğerlerinden daha fazla etkili olmuştur.
Tarihte birçok buluş yapılmıştır; ancak, bilgisayarın icadı, yaşamımızda çok büyük bir etki yapmıştır.
Tarih boyunca çok sayıda keşif vardır; ancak aslında, yaşam biçimimizi muhtemelen en fazla etkileyen yenilik, bilgisayarın icadı olmuştur.
Tarihte yapılmış olan buluşların sayısı çoktur; ancak, hiçbiri yaşam biçimimiz üzerinde bilgisayarın icadı kadar etkili olmamıştır.
Tarihte çeşitli buluşlar yapılmıştır; ancak, bilgisayarın icadının yaşam biçimimizi diğerlerinden çok daha fazla etkilediği görülmüştür.
Young people need education in order to acquire a good basis of knowledge on which they can build their future.
Gençler iyi bir gelecek kurmak için ihtiyaç duydukları temel bilgileri eğitim yoluyla elde ederler.
Gençlerin, geleceklerini üzerine kuracakları iyi bir bilgi temelini elde etmek için eğitime ihtiyaçları vardır.
Gençlerin geleceklerinin temeli, ihtiyaç duydukları bilgileri kazandıran iyi bir eğitimle atılır.
İhtiyaç duydukları temel bilgilere sahip olmak için eğitim alan gençler, geleceklerini bu temel üzerine kurabilirler.
Eğitim, gençlerin geleceklerini üzerine kuracakları temel bilgileri elde edebilmeleri için gereklidir.
33.–40. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin anlamına en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
Balkan Yarımadası, önemli tarım veya sanayi kaynaklarına sahip olmamasına rağmen, Avrupa ile Asya arasındaki kara köprüsünün bir parçası olması nedeniyle pek çok çatışmaya sahne olmuştur.
Though the Balkan Peninsula has neither agricultural nor industrial resources, it is part of the land bridge between Europe and Asia and so has been fiercely contested.
The Balkan Peninsula has been the scene of much fighting not on account of its agricultural and industrial resources, but because it is a part of the land bridge between Europe and Asia.
Though the Balkan Peninsula has no important agricultural or industrial resources, it has been the scene of many conflicts because it is a part of the land bridge between Europe and Asia.
In considering the reasons for the conflicts in the Balkan Peninsula, the agricultural and industrial resources of this region are unimportant compared to the fact that it is the land bridge between Europe and Asia.
It is not so much the agricultural and industrial resources of the Balkan Peninsula that gave rise to the fighting there, as its position as the land bridge between Europe and Asia.
Bilimsel bilgiyi üslup güzelliğiyle birleştiren Amerikalı biyolog Rachel Carson, çok takdir edilen kitaplar yazmıştır.
The books of the American biologist Rachel Carson have, with their fluent style in combination with their scientific approach, received much praise.
Rachel Carson is an American biologist who has written some very popular books on science in an attractive style.
The books Rachel Carson, an American biologist, has written have been praised for their scientific content and their fluent style.
The American biologist Rachel Carson, who combines scientific knowledge and beauty of style, has written books which have been much appreciated.
Rachel Carson, who is an American biologist, has written books that have been much appreciated for their scientific content and their superb style.
Eleştirmenler, kitap okumanın, okuyucu ile yazar arasında bir tür sohbet olması gerektiğini hep vurgulamışlardır.
Critics continually tell us to read a book as if we were having a conversation with the author.
Critics are continually stressing the idea that reading a book is like having a conversation with the author.
According to some critics, we should always regard reading as a conversation between the writer of the book and the reader.
Reading, the critics continually tell us, is a conversation between a writer and a reader.
Critics have always stressed that reading a book should be a kind of conversation between the reader and the author.
Dedem yetmişine gelince, kendini çok yaşlı hissetti ve çocukları ile torunlarını son kez görmek için veda ziyaretleri yapmaya başladı.
Once my grandfather was seventy, he realized he was very old, so made some farewell visits to his children and grandchildren.
When my grandfather got to be seventy, he felt very old, and began to make farewell visits to see his children and grandchildren for the last time.
My grandfather, when he was seventy, wanted to see his children and grandchildren for, probably, the last time, and so made some farewell visits.
When my grandfather was seventy years old, he went on farewell visits to his children and grandchildren, and so saw them for the last time.
My grandfather really felt very old when he was seventy, so he made a last visit to all his children and his grandchildren.
Musonlar, Hint Okyanusu’nun, yazın güneybatıdan esen ve genellikle şiddetli yağmurlar getiren mevsimlik rüzgârlarıdır.
The monsoons are the seasonal winds of the Indian Ocean, which blow from the south-west in summer and usually bring heavy rains.
The monsoons are the summer winds of the Indian Ocean, which blow from the south-west and cause unusually heavy rains.
It is the monsoons, the seasonal winds of the Indian Ocean that constantly bring the heavy rains to the south-west parts of the continent.
In the summer, the winds that blow from the south-west over the Indian Ocean bring particularly heavy rains known as monsoons.
The south-westerly winds, which are seasonal winds, bringing excessively heavy rains across the Indian Ocean, are called monsoons.
Dünyada var olan tüm elementlerden muhtemelen hiçbiri, altından daha fazla insanların düşlerini harekete geçirmemiştir.
Probably, the only element in the world ever to fire men’s dreams must be gold.
Gold must surely be the only element in the world that has really stirred men's dreams.
Surely, no element in the world other than gold has ever stirred men’s dreams.
Probably, no element in the world other than gold has the power to make men pursue their dreams.
Of all the elements present in the world, probably none has stirred men’s dreams more than gold.
Öğrencilerin çoğu bir yabancı dili sözlü ya da yazılı iletişim kurmak için öğrendiğinden dil öğrenimi, dilin gerçek hayattaki kullanımını kapsamalıdır.
Most students need to use a foreign language in real life situations if they are to learn to communicate either orally or in writing.
Most students know that a foreign language helps them to communicate, both orally and in writing, in real life situations.
As most students learn a foreign language in order to communicate either orally or in writing, language learning should include a real life use of language.
Unless students want to use a foreign language for communication either orally or in writing in real life, they do not need to learn one.
Since most students study a foreign language because they want to communicate orally, not in writing, the learning process should relate to their real life affairs.
Roma İmparatorluğu’nun parçalanması, ticaretle birlikte bankacılığın da çökmesine yol açmıştır; ancak on ikinci yüzyılda bankacılık yeniden canlanmaya başlamıştır.
The break-up of the Roman Empire led to the decline of banking together with commerce, but in the twelfth century banking began to revive.
With the break-up of the Roman Empire there was a decline in banking and commerce, and it was only in the twelfth century that both of these activities really revived.
When the Roman Empire broke up, this affected both banking and commerce, and it was only in the twelfth century that these started to revive.
There was a revival in banking and commerce in the twelfth century, but these activities had been steadily declining since the break-up of the Roman Empire.
As the Roman Empire began to break up, there was a decline in both banking and commerce which continued until the twelfth century when there was at last a revival.
41.–43. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
New Guinea is home to some of the world’s strangest creatures. For instance, there is a special species of kangaroo that lives in trees. There are also lizards that are five metres long, and butterflies that are as big as dinner plates. New Guinea is an island hardly any larger than the state of Texas, but it has as many bird species as are to be found, for example, in the whole of North America. This is partly due to the fact that it has largely remained isolated from the rest of the world. But it is also due to the fact that it has an incredible variety of ecological features, ranging from tropical rain forests to glaciers.
41. We learn from the passage that New Guinea ----.
has actually fewer bird species than it formerly had
is in many respects very similar to Texas
owes its characteristic physical features to glaciers
is an island with a remarkable range of climatic features
is gradually increasing its contacts with North America
New Guinea is home to some of the world’s strangest creatures. For instance, there is a special species of kangaroo that lives in trees. There are also lizards that are five metres long, and butterflies that are as big as dinner plates. New Guinea is an island hardly any larger than the state of Texas, but it has as many bird species as are to be found, for example, in the whole of North America. This is partly due to the fact that it has largely remained isolated from the rest of the world. But it is also due to the fact that it has an incredible variety of ecological features, ranging from tropical rain forests to glaciers.
42. According to the passage, kangaroos that live in trees ----.
are very commonly to be seen in rain forests everywhere
are only on the increase in New Guinea
are just one example of the odd creatures to be found in New Guinea
are a threat to the bird population of New Guinea
are considerably smaller than the average kangaroo
New Guinea is home to some of the world’s strangest creatures. For instance, there is a special species of kangaroo that lives in trees. There are also lizards that are five metres long, and butterflies that are as big as dinner plates. New Guinea is an island hardly any larger than the state of Texas, but it has as many bird species as are to be found, for example, in the whole of North America. This is partly due to the fact that it has largely remained isolated from the rest of the world. But it is also due to the fact that it has an incredible variety of ecological features, ranging from tropical rain forests to glaciers.
The writer points out that one of the reasons why there are very many different kinds of birds in New Guinea is ----.
that the climatic conditions of the island are suitable for rain forests
the fact that many migrate there for the winter from North America
that the island is a protected environment, and new species are constantly being taken there
that this island has mostly been cut off from the rest of the world
the fact that there is very little else of interest regarding wildlife
44.–46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
The origins of biography are to be found in early legendary accounts of the Greek, Germanic and Celtic heroes. Another early type of biography is the records of the teaching and deeds of wise men. The accounts of the life and teaching of Socrates given by Plato and Xenophon may be regarded as a development of this kind of record. The interest of the Socratic dialogues of Plato is philosophic rather than biographical, but the Memorabilia of Xenophon, though not a biography in the modern sense of the word, comprises a series of sketches of the great philosopher with intimacy and vividness. The first European author, remembered primarily as a biographer, is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher who lived under the Roman Empire. His Parallel Lives of ancient Greek and Roman statesmen and soldiers is one of the most fascinating works of antiquity and influential in the European biographical tradition. Moreover, he seems to have been the first author to distinguish sharply between biography and history.
44. It is pointed out in the passage that the first true example of biography in the modern sense is to be found in ----.
the stories of Greek and other heroes
Xenophon’s Memorabilia
ancient legends
Plato’s dialogues
Plutarch’s Parallel Lives
The origins of biography are to be found in early legendary accounts of the Greek, Germanic and Celtic heroes. Another early type of biography is the records of the teaching and deeds of wise men. The accounts of the life and teaching of Socrates given by Plato and Xenophon may be regarded as a development of this kind of record. The interest of the Socratic dialogues of Plato is philosophic rather than biographical, but the Memorabilia of Xenophon, though not a biography in the modern sense of the word, comprises a series of sketches of the great philosopher with intimacy and vividness. The first European author, remembered primarily as a biographer, is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher who lived under the Roman Empire. His Parallel Lives of ancient Greek and Roman statesmen and soldiers is one of the most fascinating works of antiquity and influential in the European biographical tradition. Moreover, he seems to have been the first author to distinguish sharply between biography and history.
45. According to the passage, Plato’s account of Socrates, unlike the one given by Xenophon, ----.
is very critical of the great philosopher
puts the emphasis on the philosophy of Socrates
is full of fascinating details about the life of Socrates
was the model for Plutarch when he wrote his Parallel Lives
is commonly regarded as the first important example of biographical writing
The origins of biography are to be found in early legendary accounts of the Greek, Germanic and Celtic heroes. Another early type of biography is the records of the teaching and deeds of wise men. The accounts of the life and teaching of Socrates given by Plato and Xenophon may be regarded as a development of this kind of record. The interest of the Socratic dialogues of Plato is philosophic rather than biographical, but the Memorabilia of Xenophon, though not a biography in the modern sense of the word, comprises a series of sketches of the great philosopher with intimacy and vividness. The first European author, remembered primarily as a biographer, is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher who lived under the Roman Empire. His Parallel Lives of ancient Greek and Roman statesmen and soldiers is one of the most fascinating works of antiquity and influential in the European biographical tradition. Moreover, he seems to have been the first author to distinguish sharply between biography and history.
46. We understand from the passage that, in his Parallel Lives, Plutarch ----.
is primarily concerned with the portrayal of people themselves, but not the events of their times
concentrates on life and society in ancient Rome
gives priority to statesmen rather than to soldiers
includes his own philosophy of life in his accounts of the lives of others
compares the Greek and Roman attitudes towards politics and military affairs
47.–49. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
When you pick up something that is very hot you usually drop it immediately. You do not have to think about it and decide to drop it. You just drop it. However, you do have to think about some actions. For example, you might decide to walk to school instead of taking the bus. You think about it and decide to do it. Actions like this, that you choose to make, are called ‘voluntary actions’. But actions that you make without having to think about them, such as dropping a hot object, are called ‘involuntary’ or ‘reflex actions’.
47. The passage concentrates on ----.
what one should do in a dangerous situation
the fact that human beings seldom react instantly when they face danger
two main groups of human action
different reactions to hot objects
decision-making
When you pick up something that is very hot you usually drop it immediately. You do not have to think about it and decide to drop it. You just drop it. However, you do have to think about some actions. For example, you might decide to walk to school instead of taking the bus. You think about it and decide to do it. Actions like this, that you choose to make, are called ‘voluntary actions’. But actions that you make without having to think about them, such as dropping a hot object, are called ‘involuntary’ or ‘reflex actions’.
48. According to the passage, by ‘involuntary action’ is meant an action ----.
which follows a long process of thinking
that doesn’t take place fairly quickly
which is the result of a choice made
in which no thinking at all is involved
that is immediately followed by a series of other actions
When you pick up something that is very hot you usually drop it immediately. You do not have to think about it and decide to drop it. You just drop it. However, you do have to think about some actions. For example, you might decide to walk to school instead of taking the bus. You think about it and decide to do it. Actions like this, that you choose to make, are called ‘voluntary actions’. But actions that you make without having to think about them, such as dropping a hot object, are called ‘involuntary’ or ‘reflex actions’.
49. According to the passage, if one thinks about something and comes to a decision about what to do, ----.
the action that results is called a ‘voluntary action’
this is what is often called a ‘reflex action’
this means one’s reflex actions are strong
one is not likely to change one’s mind
the likelihood is that a wrong action is almost impossible
50.–52. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
More and more people have started to worry about the effect of television on the generations of children who have grown up with it. Recent studies suggest that television has a negative effect on a child’s creative imagination. Indeed, some teachers have found that some children cannot understand even a simple story if there are no pictures to help. But perhaps the most worrying result concerns violence. So much violence on the television screen means that children start to regard violence in real life as normal; so they accept it in others and in themselves.
50. According to the passage, the damaging effects of television on children ----.
have generally been exaggerated by the public
could be lessened if parents took a more constructive attitude
are confined solely to an increase in violence
have seldom been seriously considered by teachers
are already causing much concern among a growing number of people
More and more people have started to worry about the effect of television on the generations of children who have grown up with it. Recent studies suggest that television has a negative effect on a child’s creative imagination. Indeed, some teachers have found that some children cannot understand even a simple story if there are no pictures to help. But perhaps the most worrying result concerns violence. So much violence on the television screen means that children start to regard violence in real life as normal; so they accept it in others and in themselves.
51. It is understood from the passage that television ----.
is at last beginning to show some concern about its effects on children
no longer shows as much violence as it used to do
has made children rely too much on visual aids to understanding
helps children to understand stories in a more creative manner
is being used most effectively by teachers as a teaching aid
More and more people have started to worry about the effect of television on the generations of children who have grown up with it. Recent studies suggest that television has a negative effect on a child’s creative imagination. Indeed, some teachers have found that some children cannot understand even a simple story if there are no pictures to help. But perhaps the most worrying result concerns violence. So much violence on the television screen means that children start to regard violence in real life as normal; so they accept it in others and in themselves.
52. We understand from the passage that violence on television ----.
should be restricted to adult viewers only
gives children the impression that it is a natural way of life
should be presented as undesirable behaviour
has caused a great deal of unnecessary alarm in society
is permissible so long as it becomes an emotional outlet for children
53.–55. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
The job of check-in clerks at any airport is not a particularly interesting or satisfying one. They simply have to check the tickets of passengers, and take their luggage. The work is mechanical, repetitive and very tiring. The only variation in the routine occurs when things go wrong –when flights are delayed or when they are cancelled due to such things as bad weather, strikes or technical problems. Then the check-in clerks are in the unfortunate position of having to face the angry passengers though the fault is not theirs and they can do nothing to put things right.
53. We understand from the passage that the work a check-in clerk does ----.
is always greatly appreciated by the passengers
varies greatly from day to day which makes it more enjoyable
requires a great deal of skill and creativity
involves very little contact with passengers
is both tedious and exhausting
The job of check-in clerks at any airport is not a particularly interesting or satisfying one. They simply have to check the tickets of passengers, and take their luggage. The work is mechanical, repetitive and very tiring. The only variation in the routine occurs when things go wrong –when flights are delayed or when they are cancelled due to such things as bad weather, strikes or technical problems. Then the check-in clerks are in the unfortunate position of having to face the angry passengers though the fault is not theirs and they can do nothing to put things right.
54. According to the passage, a number of reasons may lead to ----.
passengers wishing to change the dates of their flights
a strike among the check-in clerks
the postponement or cancellation of flights
the loss of the luggage of passengers
overcrowding at airports
The job of check-in clerks at any airport is not a particularly interesting or satisfying one. They simply have to check the tickets of passengers, and take their luggage. The work is mechanical, repetitive and very tiring. The only variation in the routine occurs when things go wrong –when flights are delayed or when they are cancelled due to such things as bad weather, strikes or technical problems. Then the check-in clerks are in the unfortunate position of having to face the angry passengers though the fault is not theirs and they can do nothing to put things right.
55. It is pointed out in the passage that when serious problems affecting flights arise at airports, ----.
passengers usually wait patiently for the situation to improve
it is the check-in clerks who encounter the protesting passengers
passengers are immediately notified by check-in clerks
it is the primary responsibility of check-in clerks to solve them
check-in clerks are required to explain, in detail, what has caused them
56.–58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
The French composer Hector Berlioz was the outstanding representative of romanticism in music. The son of a country doctor, he was sent in 1822 to attend the medical school in Paris. Though musically quite uneducated, he had already conceived a passion for music. Therefore, he soon threw up his medical studies, whereupon his allowance was stopped by his family, and after a short period of private lessons, he was admitted to the conservatoire in 1823. Berlioz was a typical romantic; he was also a great admirer of both Shakespeare and Beethoven and they were both important in the development of his taste.
56. According to the passage, Berlioz’s family ----.
wanted him to study medicine in Paris
recognized his musical talent while he was still quite young
supported him financially when he was studying at the conservatoire in Paris
arranged for him to take private lessons in music
was very pleased when their son changed from medicine to music
The French composer Hector Berlioz was the outstanding representative of romanticism in music. The son of a country doctor, he was sent in 1822 to attend the medical school in Paris. Though musically quite uneducated, he had already conceived a passion for music. Therefore, he soon threw up his medical studies, whereupon his allowance was stopped by his family, and after a short period of private lessons, he was admitted to the conservatoire in 1823. Berlioz was a typical romantic; he was also a great admirer of both Shakespeare and Beethoven and they were both important in the development of his taste.
57. The author points out that the contribution Berlioz made to ----.
teaching methods in music has always been appreciated by other musicians
the progress of medicine in France was exceptional
the musical activities of the conservatoire was significant
the romantic movement in music was unsurpassed
the well-being of his family has always been underestimated
The French composer Hector Berlioz was the outstanding representative of romanticism in music. The son of a country doctor, he was sent in 1822 to attend the medical school in Paris. Though musically quite uneducated, he had already conceived a passion for music. Therefore, he soon threw up his medical studies, whereupon his allowance was stopped by his family, and after a short period of private lessons, he was admitted to the conservatoire in 1823. Berlioz was a typical romantic; he was also a great admirer of both Shakespeare and Beethoven and they were both important in the development of his taste.
58. As we understand from the passage, as a romantic composer, Berlioz ----.
created a style which excelled that of Shakespeare and Beethoven in poetic power
was indifferent to the works of Shakespeare and Beethoven
was greatly influenced by Shakespeare and Beethoven
studied both Shakespeare and Beethoven in order to revive romanticism
preferred Shakespeare’s manner of presentation to that of Beethoven
59.–61. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Einstein developed his famous theory of ‘relativity’ shortly after 1900. It was an enormous improvement over Newton’s views, since it explained many things that Newton could not. It showed the close connection between space, time and gravity. And it led to surprising predictions. One of them was that matter and energy could be changed into each other. The two are simply different forms of the same thing. This idea enabled man to split the atom and later to obtain large amounts of nuclear energy.
59. As we learn from the passage, Einstein’s theory of relativity ----.
was confined to the study of the structure of the atom
gave clarity to various phenomena that Newton had failed to explain
gave very little importance to the role of gravity in the universe
was developed, in the first place, to open up new sources of energy
was basically unrelated to Newton’s theories
Einstein developed his famous theory of ‘relativity’ shortly after 1900. It was an enormous improvement over Newton’s views, since it explained many things that Newton could not. It showed the close connection between space, time and gravity. And it led to surprising predictions. One of them was that matter and energy could be changed into each other. The two are simply different forms of the same thing. This idea enabled man to split the atom and later to obtain large amounts of nuclear energy.
60. According to the passage, it was at about the turn of the 20th century that ----.
the splitting of the atom was achieved
fresh sources of energy were discovered
the relativity theory was first put forward by Einstein
time and space were finally recognized as indestructible
Newton’s theory of gravity was recognized as correct in all respects
Einstein developed his famous theory of ‘relativity’ shortly after 1900. It was an enormous improvement over Newton’s views, since it explained many things that Newton could not. It showed the close connection between space, time and gravity. And it led to surprising predictions. One of them was that matter and energy could be changed into each other. The two are simply different forms of the same thing. This idea enabled man to split the atom and later to obtain large amounts of nuclear energy.
61. We understand from the passage that one of the benefits of Einstein’s relativity theory ----.
was to show the potential danger of the splitting of the atom
has been to make space exploration possible in our time
was that it proved Newton’s views were quite wrong
was to explain the separateness of matter and energy
has been the discovery of a new source of energy
62.–68. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.
62. There is only one major difference between your plan and mine.
There is really only one way in which the two plans are different.
Your scheme differs from mine in just one important respect.
Actually, both of our plans are very similar except for one or two details.
Your scheme hardly differs at all from mine.
I have a plan that is different from yours in several ways.
I wanted to sit at a table near the window, but we couldn’t find a free one.
If there had been an empty table near the window, I would have liked to have sat there.
All the tables near the window were occupied, so we went somewhere else.
We found one unoccupied table near the window and sat down there.
I would have been so pleased if we could have found a free table that was not near the window.
I would have been surprised to have found any one of the tables near the window free.
I’d have worn the right shoes if I’d known we were going to do all this climbing.
I’d have gone on the climb if I’d been wearing the right shoes.
I’d love to go climbing, but I don’t have any shoes that would be suitable.
As I didn’t realize there was going to be so much climbing, I didn’t come in suitable shoes.
I didn’t realize that these shoes weren’t right for climbing in.
If only I’d been wearing suitable shoes I would have enjoyed the climb.
Everyone told me it was too cold to go swimming, but I didn’t listen to them.
They all said it wasn’t warm enough to go swimming, but I ignored them.
Nobody thought it was warm enough to swim, but I did.
I didn’t think it was too cold to go swimming, but the others did.
They all told me not to swim, but I thought it was warm enough.
I didn’t go swimming as everyone said it was far too cold.
It was nearly 8 o’clock when I arrived and they were still having dinner.
They had already started the evening meal when I arrived some time after 8 o’clock.
I arrived shortly after 8 o’clock to find them still having dinner.
Dinner was almost over at 8 o’clock when I finally got there.
They were almost through their dinner when I got there at around 8 o’clock.
When I got there at a few minutes to 8, they hadn’t finished their evening meal.
I’m taking my bicycle into town to get it repaired.
Perhaps someone in town can mend my bicycle.
I know of a place in town where they mend bicycles.
My bicycle is in need of repair, so I can’t go to town on it.
I want someone to mend my bicycle, so I’m going into town with it.
While I’m in town, I hope to get my bicycle repaired.
I’ll be surprised if it gets any warmer, won’t you?
I’m not expecting the weather to warm up, are you?
I’m not expecting the warm spell to continue, are you?
We can’t expect it to continue as warm as this, can we?
It wouldn’t surprise me if the warm weather continues; would it surprise you?
I’m surprised the warm weather is continuing, aren’t you?
69.–76. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.
In the USA, fish is not a particularly popular food. ----. There is, for instance, the canning industry; sardines and tuna in particular are canned both for home consumption and for export. Moreover, fertilizers are often fish-based, and these make up another important industry.
In recent years, fish has been gaining in popularity in most countries
In the popular mind, it is the hamburger that is associated with American eating habits
Nevertheless, about 130,000 people are directly engaged in the fishing industry
It is common knowledge now that too many fish are being taken out of the seas
Pollution has also been responsible for the deaths of a lot of fish
This children’s programme on the television is presented by Jeremy. He is one of the liveliest of the new television presenters. ----. He tells us who invented them and how. On the list this week are the safety pin, the can opener and the match.
He usually shows films on wildlife
Each week, he talks about various small but important inventions
His programmes are very good but far too many are only suitable for very young children
He thinks that it is bad for the eyes to watch too much television
He is very popular with children
English is spoken by over a billion people around the world: in other words, by more than a quarter of the world’s population. It is the mother tongue in the UK, in Australia and New Zealand, and, of course, for the vast majority people in North America. It is studied as a foreign language all over the world but particularly in Europe. ----. Have you ever thought about how the language spoken by the population of a small island should have become so widespread?
There is actually a strong French influence on the English language
Indeed, one of the Germanic tribes – the Angles – gave their name to the language that was to become English
One big difference between the English of England and the English of America is the accent
It is also the language of shipping and aviation, of science, technology and commerce
English is still changing fast, and there are many local varieties
In recent years, the amount of advertising on television has increased dramatically. Many people think that advertisements should be banned because they interrupt their enjoyment of the programmes. ----. Without advertising, commercial television companies would have to close down. In addition to this, advertisements increase our knowledge, and this enables us to make better choices as consumers.
Actually, a lot of people find television advertisements quite entertaining
Since they are expensive, advertisements increase the cost of the products
Advertising gives consumers freedom of choice
It seems that countries which do not have advertising produce goods which are expensive and of poor quality
However, it must be remembered that TV companies rely on the income from commercials to pay for their programmes
----. This is not true. Of course you are always free to create your own programmes. But most people who use computers buy standard programmes. Some get special programmes prepared for them by professionals. Then all that they have to do is to load the programme into the computer memory.
It seems that there is hardly a work place now that is not computerized
The computer has developed fast over the last few decades
Computers now play a vital part in scientific research
People often think that if you use a computer, you must ‘programme’ it yourself
Some scientists use computers to make detailed models of complex systems
Paper is not a new invention. ----. Much later, during the Middle Ages, it was brought to Europe by the Arabs. Then its use spread to America and to every land where people needed something to write on. The use of paper was further increased with the spread of reading and writing.
Actually, it has a long history
It would take a long time to list all paper products
It was first produced in China in about 105 AD
For a long time, paper was made by hand
The word ‘paper’ comes from the word ‘papyrus’ which was used by the ancient Egyptians as we use paper
All living things are composed of cells which have a basic similarity of structure. ----. In fact, man also does. Actually, some living things remain as single cells for as long as they live.
The cellular life processes are controlled by code molecules
In each cell there are molecules
Code molecules are responsible for the growth and development of every living organism
Most plants and animals begin life as a single cell
A number of new discoveries have been related to cells
From the beginning, my little daughter always wanted to play with dolls; nothing else interested her. ----. Usually she would play with them, but only out of politeness. She always fitted in with other children. But she found no pleasure in guns or, indeed, in anything boyish.
Some little girls, however, are not so interested in dolls
Other children occasionally wanted her to play with toy guns when she went to play in their houses
Boys, on the whole, want guns and like to play war games
Her mother was delighted; she didn’t want any war toys in the house
She also spent a lot of time drawing
77.–84. sorularda, verilen duruma uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.
You have just heard that a friend came in first in the 200 m race in quite a big athletics competition. You know he trained really hard and so you are very pleased for him. You phone to congratulate him and say:
Well done! You deserved to win and I’m delighted for you!
What lovely news! But, I didn’t expect the others to be so close.
You did very well. With a bit more effort you could have won!
Were you surprised you won the race?
I know you won. But was your trainer pleased with the time you did it in?
You have an exam tomorrow and your brother is listening to pop music on the TV. You wouldn’t mind if only it wasn’t so loud, but he has got the volume turned up so high that you are going mad. So you say:
Must you listen to that awful music? It’s stopping me from working.
It’s just the kind of music I like, but I really mustn’t listen now.
I have done enough revision for today. So turn the volume up and let’s listen together.
Who is the singer? He is really very good!
Oh do turn the volume down! I’m trying to revise for an exam.
It’s Beth’s birthday in a few days. You and a few other friends have been invited to her birthday party. You happen to know that there is a rather expensive art book that she would love to have. You think the friends should get together and buy it for her. You say:
Let’s go shopping tomorrow and see if we can find a nice book on art for Beth.
There’s a very special art book I’ve seen Beth looking at longingly. How about making it a joint present from all of us?
I still haven’t got a present for Beth. Have any of you? If you like we can choose an art book together.
Has anyone got any good ideas about what to give Beth on her birthday? An art book perhaps?
As Beth seems determined to go to an Art School, l thought I’d get her a book on art.
You are taking some English friends to visit the ancient ruins at Pergamum, which you know they will love. As you know how hot it gets there in the middle of the day, and how crowded, you suggest an early start. You say:
Make sure you wear comfortable shoes because we shall be starting early in the day and doing a lot of walking at Pergamum.
There is no shade in Pergamum, and it gets very hot so make sure you bring sunhats with you.
If we don’t set off early in the morning, we won’t be able to see all there is to see at Pergamum.
Pergamum is a fascinating place, you’ll love it. I want us to walk around and see everything.
You’re going to enjoy Pergamum; but we should try to get there fairly early, to avoid both the crowds and the heat.
You overhear your brother saying he is going to the library. As one of your library books is near the deadline for return, you ask him to take it in for you. You say:
Can you take some books back for me? I’m afraid they are all overdue.
If you’re going this afternoon, I’ll come with you. I’ve got several books to return.
Would you mind taking this book back for me? It’s got to be returned in a day or two.
I went to the library yesterday. I could have taken your books back for you.
Are you sure the library is open in the afternoon? I must return some books.
You know your mother is busy these days but you want her to make a chocolate cake for the picnic the class is organizing at the weekend, and friends have been asking for one. You say:
Who is going to make the chocolate cake for the picnic? I will if you like.
You will make a cake for our picnic, won’t you? Any sort of cake will do. Even a chocolate cake.
I want to go on the class picnic, and take a chocolate cake; will that be OK, mum?
Mum, can you find time to make one of your chocolate cakes for our picnic? You know how everyone loves them.
Mum, I told the friends I’d make a chocolate cake for the class picnic; but I’m afraid you’ll have to show me how.
An office friend is clearly in need of a change; so, as it happens to be a lovely day, you decide to try to get her outside during the lunch break. You say:
It’s far too nice a day to stay indoors. Let’s get some food and take it into the park and have lunch there.
What’s the matter with you? You look so worried! Why not tell me all about it over lunch?
I want to go shopping in the lunch break. Would you care to join me if the rain stops?
There’s a table tennis match going on in the sports room downstairs during the lunch break. I thought we might go and watch it. It’ll make a nice change.
If the weather’s nice at the weekend, we plan to go to the lake and have a picnic there; Saturday, probably. Would you like to join us?
A friend is ill and confined to his bed and you know he really must be terribly bored and in need of company. You want to start an efficient system of visiting, so that he’ll never be alone two days in succession. So you say to some friends:
He looks like being in bed for a month or more, so we’d better visit him one at a time.
I went yesterday to see this friend and he’s clearly lonely; can’t you go today?
He asked what you were all doing and really wishes you would go to see him.
Let’s organize ourselves so that one or two of us go to visit him at least every other day.
He doesn’t complain but he is lonely; so I do think we should try to visit him at the weekend, don’t you?
85.–92. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.
Jennifer : - Hi mum! It’s Jennifer. Mother : - Yes dear, is all going well? Do you need any help? Jennifer : - ---- Mother : - Of course not! How could I have done?
No I don’t. But I do feel excited!
Not just now; maybe I will later. You will come early, won’t you?
No; I just wanted to make sure you hadn’t forgotten about the concert tonight.
I’m fine thanks. What will you be wearing for the concert? Wear something plain!
Not really. All is in order. We might have another short rehearsal.
Jane : - What’s your new secretary like? Brian : - ---- Jane : - No, I really wanted to know if she’s a good secretary; efficient and so on. Brian : - Oh yes; she’s very competent and hardworking. The boss chose her!
I really don’t know. She was with the old secretary all day learning about the things she has to do.
It’s too early to say yet. She’s only been with me for a day.
I’ve been far too busy to notice.
Ask me again next week when I’ll probably know what she can do.
In appearance, do you mean? Well, she’s turned forty and rather plain.
Wendy : - How often do you go to the cinema? Shirley : - ---- Wendy : - So, I reckon you really hate watching films. Shirley : - I usually do; but I’ve seen a few films that l really enjoyed.
Never! At least not since l was taken as a child.
Very rarely. Perhaps once a year, perhaps not even that.
I’ve been far too busy to notice.
I don’t go regularly. In fact, I’d go more often if I had time.
Quite often in the winter but never in the summer.
Gillian : - Was that your sister you were talking to just now? Pam : - Yes it was. She’s just here for the weekend; she lives in Liverpool now. Gillian :- ---- Pam : - She was offered rather a good job there and decided to take it.
I wonder what you and l will be doing three years from now.
She’s changed a lot. In fact, l wasn’t sure it was her.
She used to work in a bank, didn’t she?
Really? Why has she moved there?
It must be awfully nice to have a big sister, l wish l had one.
Father : - I see you’re reading another book on aircraft. Son : - Yes. I got this one out of the library today. It’s right up to date on aircraft design. Father :- ---- Son : - Yes, I hope so. That’s certainly what I want to specialize in.
Are you going to make a career of aircraft design?
You’re not hoping to become a pilot, are you?
You’ve always been keen on aircraft, even as a child.
I can’t understand why you’re so interested in them!
What are the major stages of aircraft design?
James : - Does your brother find his work in the bank interesting? Andrew : - Yes. Usually anyway. In his opinion the worst thing is the hours. There is often a lot of overtime. James :- ---- Andrew : - But all jobs have a fair bit of that.
Yes. Someone else said that. But it is only certain times of the year, isn’t it?
I wouldn’t mind that so long as the work is interesting.
Actually, I wouldn’t mind that. What I hate is routine work.
It wouldn’t be a problem for me if you got paid extra for it.
But is there much variety in the work? That’s really what I want to know.
Lucy : - I hear Mary got the first prize in that painting competition. Rosemary :- ---- Lucy : - Did she really? Rosemary : - Yes she did. I saw her painting and it really was good.
She’s developing a new style that is most interesting.
Well, that’s a surprise! She’ll be pleased.
I thought she might. It was a good picture.
She’s really a very talented young woman.
Oh, I’m so glad. She certainly deserved it.
Tony : - Are you going on a walking holiday again this year? Andrew : - No, I’m going on a cycling holiday. You can get farther on a bike. Tony :- ---- Andrew : - No neither have I. It doesn’t matter. We don’t have to go long distances everyday.
You know I’d love to join you, but I haven’t done much cycling.
My ideas of the perfect holiday is something much more restful.
Where are you thinking of going? Somewhere mountainous?
That would be too energetic for me. I’m lazy, I suppose.
I think it’s time I did something more adventurous like that.
93.–100. sorularda, sırasıyla okunduğunda anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
93. (I) After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 many splendid mosques were built in that city. (II) The inner walls of these mosques were mostly decorated with tiles made in Iznik. (III) Decorative tile work was invented in the Near East as a protection for walls of sun-dried brick. (IV) These were painted in rich colours on a white ground. (V) The patterns were floral and arabesque, similar to those used on the pottery also made there.
I
II
III
IV
V
(I) Most students probably regard mathematics as the most difficult course they take. (II) This is largely because they think it is difficult or have been told that it is. (III) In fact, it really isn’t difficult at all. (IV) In order to learn mathematics one simply needs to concentrate and practise the materials. (V) The mathematics classes of good modern schools are very different from the classes of thirty or forty years ago.
I
II
III
IV
V
(I) Thermal pollution often occurs when factories use water from rivers and lakes to cool their machinery. (II) In the process, of course, the water is heated. (III) This heated water is then returned to the environment. (IV) New and better methods of preventing thermal pollution must be found. (V) But heated water holds less dissolved oxygen than cool water, so plants and animals that use this water may die from oxygen starvation.
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II
III
IV
V
(I) The work of oceanographers is extremely varied. (II) They study fish and marine life in general. (III) They also explore ocean bottoms to learn how they were formed and what they are made of. (IV) Further, they study currents and tides and the effects of ocean pollution. (V) Actually, it is not only the seas that have become polluted, but also rivers and lakes.
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II
III
IV
V
(I) What is coal? (II) How did it get into the ground? (III) Coal mining has always been tough and dangerous. (IV) Coal is the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. (V) Prehistoric dead plants were converted into coal by chemical changes over long periods of time.
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V
(I) No one really knows how we learn to speak. (II) Some people have disorders that affect their speech. (III) Some think that we are born with an inherited ability to learn a language. (IV) Others think that a child learns to speak simply by copying what it hears. (V) But one thing is certain: children are born with a strong desire to communicate with the people around them.
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II
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V
(I) People say it is easier to learn a foreign language when one is young. (II) After all, we all learn a language in our infancy without even being aware of it. (III) With this in mind, a lot of kindergartens try to introduce the children to a foreign language. (IV) One should not forget that some people learn a foreign language easily while others don’t. (V) In theory this is an excellent plan, but the results have not been as successful as one might have hoped.
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(I) The Dutch painter, Vermeer, was born in Delft in 1632. (II) The contrast here between the trivial subject and the monumental design is disturbing. (III) Most of his pictures show the interiors of ordinary houses. (IV) The figures are usually eating or letter writing or music making. (V) The ordinary scenes, however, are transformed by his brilliant use of light.