1. – 22. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
The religion of the Hittites was based upon ---- of a sun goddess and a storm god.
wonder
invention
survival
worship
display
The success of the classical record industry is largely due to the high quality of the ----.
descriptions
audiences
sales
articles
products
The first ---- of Australia were the Aborigines, who migrated there at least 40,000 years ago from Southeast Asia.
inhabitants
guests
population
citizens
troops
In spite of much research into the subject, we still only ---- know how and why tornadoes form.
likely
truly
ideally
partially
fairly
Ideally, museums should have lots of public money, ---- space to exhibit most of their treasures and enough staff to look after them.
grateful
sufficient
incredible
portative
radiant
Volunteer fire brigades, unlike professional ones, ---- have the training to deal with big or complicated fires.
secretly
suddenly
rarely
reasonably
convincingly
In his final years of office, President Clinton maintained a ---- low profile but took several major trips overseas.
certainly
randomly
strongly
plainly
relatively
Although it is dying out in the towns, folk dance is still a vibrant tradition in Turkish villages, as you may well see if you ---- a traditional wedding party.
involve
attend
demonstrate
consist
relieve
If your brother phones, be sure to ask him if he really has ---- smoking.
given up
put away
made out
opened up
turned off
The French explorer M. Peisel was touring Tibet when he first ---- a series of tall, mysterious, star- shaped stone towers along the Chinese border.
got through
came across
felt for
made up
ran over
French lorry-drivers ---- on strike and now they ---- the roads, which is their usual way of showing their discontent.
went / had blocked
will go / would block
have gone / are blocking
were going / block
would go / are going to block
Tofino, which ---- once a quiet fishing village in Canada, ---- a popular year-round resort now.
is / is becoming
had been / became
has been / had become
was / has become
would have been / will become
The clock face which ---- in its present form since the seventeenth century is on its way out, ---- its place to the digital clock.
exists / has left
existed / is leaving
had existed / was leaving
was existing / had left
has existed / leaving
In southern California, half the region’s water needs ---- by rainfall, but most of its rain ---- straight into the sea.
are being met / would be channelled
could be met / is channelled
could have been met / will be channelled
had been met / is being channelled
were being met / will have been channelled
Little is known of early Finnish history, but it ---- that the ancestors of the modern Finns ---- in Finland about 9,000 years ago.
is thought / arrived
was thought / would arrive
has been thought / were arriving
had been thought / had been arriving
would be thought / would have arrived
The Mississippi Valley, where she spent the greater part ---- her life provides the background ---- most of her stories.
in / to
of / for
with / in
from / over
through / of
She looked ---- the sea ---- the lighthouse and tried to remember all the details.
across / towards
over / across
at / with
through / at
to / near
Emily Dickinson, ---- is a famous New England poet of the nineteenth century, published only seven poems in her lifetime.
whose
whom
which
about whom
who
Temperature is difficult to define precisely, ---- we all have an idea of what we mean by it.
whether
in case
just as
but
so far as
New York is ---- important in the Spider-Man film ---- any actor is.
an / than
so / as
as / as
more / which
the / that
They are worried that if the decline in the number of the Siberian tigers continues at this high rate, ---- of the species will be left in a few years.
many
none
most
any
least
The price of space travel is still ---- high for most people, but there are some ---- cheaper alternatives.
too / much
so / more
more / such
as / even
most / many
23. – 27. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
Japan has a large number of great artists. Of all the artists of Japan, the one Westerners probably like and (23) ---- best is Hokusai. He was a (24) ----, unpredictable man who lived in as many as a hundred different houses and changed his name (25) 30 times. Hokusai never painted in one period or style 26) ---- very long at a time; he never seemed to stop (27) ---- after something new.
23. ...................?
disturb
discover
allow
suspect
understand
Japan has a large number of great artists. Of all the artists of Japan, the one Westerners probably like and (23) ---- best is Hokusai. He was a (24) ----, unpredictable man who lived in as many as a hundred different houses and changed his name (25) 30 times. Hokusai never painted in one period or style 26) ---- very long at a time; he never seemed to stop (27) ---- after something new.
24. ......................?
determined
restless
reliable
consistent
sensible
Japan has a large number of great artists. Of all the artists of Japan, the one Westerners probably like and (23) ---- best is Hokusai. He was a (24) ----, unpredictable man who lived in as many as a hundred different houses and changed his name (25) 30 times. Hokusai never painted in one period or style 26) ---- very long at a time; he never seemed to stop (27) ---- after something new.
25. ...................?
greatest
the least
at best
mostly
at least
Japan has a large number of great artists. Of all the artists of Japan, the one Westerners probably like and (23) ---- best is Hokusai. He was a (24) ----, unpredictable man who lived in as many as a hundred different houses and changed his name (25) 30 times. Hokusai never painted in one period or style 26) ---- very long at a time; he never seemed to stop (27) ---- after something new.
26. .....................?
through
at
for
with
over
Japan has a large number of great artists. Of all the artists of Japan, the one Westerners probably like and (23) ---- best is Hokusai. He was a (24) ----, unpredictable man who lived in as many as a hundred different houses and changed his name (25) 30 times. Hokusai never painted in one period or style 26) ---- very long at a time; he never seemed to stop (27) ---- after something new.
27. ......................?
to have been chased
chasing
having chased
to chase
being chased
28. – 32. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
The etymology of the word “chocolate” may remain (28) ---- and open to debate even today; but there can be no real doubt that the ancient Aztec civilization lies at the origin of chocolate. The god Quetzalcoatl, gardener of paradise, was respected (29) ---- guardian of the cacao tree, purveyor of both strength and wealth. The seeds, or beans, were used as a form of currency, valid (30) ---- for the purchase of everyday items and for the payment of tribute money to the king. It was the spectacle of monkeys sucking the refreshing juices around the beans that first (31) ---- men the idea of tasting them. From there, it was a short step to consuming the beans (32) ----.
28. ...................?
regular
indifferent
faithful
uncertain
suitable
The etymology of the word “chocolate” may remain (28) ---- and open to debate even today; but there can be no real doubt that the ancient Aztec civilization lies at the origin of chocolate. The god Quetzalcoatl, gardener of paradise, was respected (29) ---- guardian of the cacao tree, purveyor of both strength and wealth. The seeds, or beans, were used as a form of currency, valid (30) ---- for the purchase of everyday items and for the payment of tribute money to the king. It was the spectacle of monkeys sucking the refreshing juices around the beans that first (31) ---- men the idea of tasting them. From there, it was a short step to consuming the beans (32) ----.
29. .....................?
just
even
like
for
as
The etymology of the word “chocolate” may remain (28) ---- and open to debate even today; but there can be no real doubt that the ancient Aztec civilization lies at the origin of chocolate. The god Quetzalcoatl, gardener of paradise, was respected (29) ---- guardian of the cacao tree, purveyor of both strength and wealth. The seeds, or beans, were used as a form of currency, valid (30) ---- for the purchase of everyday items and for the payment of tribute money to the king. It was the spectacle of monkeys sucking the refreshing juices around the beans that first (31) ---- men the idea of tasting them. From there, it was a short step to consuming the beans (32) ----.
30. ......................?
not only
either
both
as if
more
The etymology of the word “chocolate” may remain (28) ---- and open to debate even today; but there can be no real doubt that the ancient Aztec civilization lies at the origin of chocolate. The god Quetzalcoatl, gardener of paradise, was respected (29) ---- guardian of the cacao tree, purveyor of both strength and wealth. The seeds, or beans, were used as a form of currency, valid (30) ---- for the purchase of everyday items and for the payment of tribute money to the king. It was the spectacle of monkeys sucking the refreshing juices around the beans that first (31) ---- men the idea of tasting them. From there, it was a short step to consuming the beans (32) ----.
31. .................?
having given
gave
had given
to have given
has given
The etymology of the word “chocolate” may remain (28) ---- and open to debate even today; but there can be no real doubt that the ancient Aztec civilization lies at the origin of chocolate. The god Quetzalcoatl, gardener of paradise, was respected (29) ---- guardian of the cacao tree, purveyor of both strength and wealth. The seeds, or beans, were used as a form of currency, valid (30) ---- for the purchase of everyday items and for the payment of tribute money to the king. It was the spectacle of monkeys sucking the refreshing juices around the beans that first (31) ---- men the idea of tasting them. From there, it was a short step to consuming the beans (32) ----.
32. .........................?
themselves
as theirs
itself
by them
for them
33. – 42. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
As the manager won’t admit to being at fault himself, ----.
he had been obliged to confess too
the trial period wouldn’t have ended so suddenly
others received the blame for it
we would all have been equally to blame
he’s trying to put the blame on his assistants
Although Italy was politically troubled for centuries, ----.
the political and commercial rivalries between Genoa and Venice were intense
it is a long peninsula shaped like a boot
it was the cultural centre of Europe from the 13th to the 16th century
the Romans had overthrown the Etruscans in the 3rd century B.C.
E) Milan, Naples and Sardinia had been lost to Austria in the early 18th century
----, where the cars are fast and highways crowded.
The physics of traffic is rapidly gaining importance in Germany
There were actually relatively fewer car accidents during the summer months
Those roads weren’t in need of repair
It’s possible to drive from London to Edinburgh in six hours
A minimum speed limit was finally agreed on
---- that are big enough and strong enough to kill dogs and sometimes even people.
These young lions had to learn how to kill their prey
Size is not necessarily a sign of strength
The bigger the animals are
Snakes can kill by poisoning
In New Guinea there are birds
Because the public theatres in Renaissance England attracted large audiences from all levels of society, ----.
Thomas Campion was one of the most popular songwriters of the period
other places of entertainment had also been built along the river Thames
pickpockets and other criminals were drawn there
in fact native English drama had existed at least since medieval times
William Shakespeare played a very important part in the development of English drama
Maintaining the environment isn’t simply protecting animals ----.
unless they had almost become extinct
that are rare and exotic
which could have been done better by a zoo
since many of them are indeed dangerous
whether man is the planet’s most dangerous enemy
A job interview is a chance for you to find out ----.
since first impressions are of great importance
as if you really were the one they were looking for
if you are going to prepare some relevant questions
whether you and the job are right for each other
so long as you are able to relax
Holes in the sides of their new World Cup shirts create drafts ----.
when temperatures rose sharply in July
if only they could get rid of excess moisture
while it has been designed for hot, wet climates
whether the fit needs to be considered
which help to keep the players cool
----, she returned to Ireland to work in a hospital near Dublin.
If there had been another war
Soon after the war began
Unless she can find suitable work in London
As soon as she hears from you
Whenever she wrote to me about her problems
During the American Revolution, there was relatively little fighting actually in North Carolina, ----.
but many North Carolinians were fighting elsewhere
while the region was established as a colony
since it is the nation’s largest textile and furniture producer
so long as it was one of the most densely populated regions of the country
as the first settlements were established in the region in 1653
43. – 46. sorularda, verilen cümlenin hangi so- runun cevabı olduğunu bulunuz.
I’m not sure; Sheila’s probably.
Were there any landscapes at the exhibition?
Who did you go to the exhibition with?
Where were the paintings exhibited?
Whose paintings attracted most attention at the exhibition?
Did the portraits cover the 20th century only?
It depends; on average, perhaps, a couple of times a month.
Who is going to organize the next class picnic?
Will the manager be calling another meeting this month?
How often does your sister come to visit you?
Why are they so late with the examinations this year?
When can we go to the cinema again?
It’s not really necessary; but I’m sure they would be pleased if we did.
Must we ask June and Peter to come too?
Are you going to get a present for John?
Why are you making so many sandwiches?
Can we walk there, or will we have to take a bus?
Did you tell Pat how much we wanted her to come?
I didn’t know myself until two or three days ago.
Have you ever thought of going on a skiing holiday instead of going to the seaside?
Which of the cruises are you going to join?
Why didn’t you let me know earlier that you were going to be in Edinburgh in September?
Who arranged all the details of the holiday for you and booked you in at this hotel?
Couldn’t you have got someone else to run the office for a week?
47. – 50. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
We value all the arts because they enrich and diversify our emotional life.
Duygu yaşamımızın zengin olmasını ve çeşitlilik kazanmasını sağlayan tüm sanatlar bizim için değerlidir.
Tüm sanatlara değer vererek duygu yaşamımızın zengin ve çeşitli olmasını sağlarız.
Duygu yaşamımızın zenginleşmesi ve farklı olması için tüm sanatlara değer veririz.
Tüm sanatlara değer veririz çünkü duygu yaşamımızı zenginleştirir ve çeşitlendirirler.
Bizim için değerli olan tüm sanatlar, duygu yaşa- mımızı zenginleştirir ve çeşitlendirir.
Cutting down trees to build houses not only damages the environment, but also threatens human health.
Ev yapmak amacıyla ağaçların kesilmesi çevreye zarar vermekle kalmaz, insan sağlığını da tehdit eder.
Ev yaparken bazı ağaçların kesilmesi çevreye zarar verir, aynı zamanda insan sağlığını tehdit eder.
Ev yapmak amacıyla ağaçların kesilmesi insan sağlığını tehdit etmese de çevreye zarar verir.
Ağaçların ev yapmak için kesilmesi hem çevreyi hem de insan sağlığını kötü etkiler.
Çevreye zarar veren ve insan sağlığını tehdit eden nedenlerden biri ağaçların ev yapmak için kesilmesidir.
The development of computers has been amazingly rapid, and the future could be different from today’s forecasts.
Bilgisayarlarda gelişimin şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı olması, geleceğin öngörülenden farklı olabile- ceğini gösteriyor.
Bilgisayarlar şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir gelişim gösterdiği için gelecek bugünden farklı olabilir.
Bilgisayarların gelişimi şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı olmuştur ve gelecek, bugünün tahminlerinden farklı olabilir.
Şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir gelişim gösteren bilgisayarlar ile gelecek, bugünden farklı olabilir.
Bilgisayarlar şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir gelişim göstermiştir, fakat gelecek, bugün düşünülenlerden farklı olabilir.
So far, various theories have been put forward to explain the origin of Saturn’s rings.
Satürn’ün halkaları farklı zamanlarda öne sürülen değişik kuramlara temel oluşturmuştur.
Satürn’ün halkalarının oluşumunu açıklamak için sürekli olarak yeni kuramlar ortaya atılmaktadır.
Bugüne kadar ortaya atılan çeşitli kuramlar, Satürn’ün halkalarının kökenini açıklamaktadır.
Satürn’ün halkalarının oluşumu, sürekli olarak çeşitli kuramlarla açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır.
Satürn’ün halkalarının kökenini açıklamak için bugüne kadar çeşitli kuramlar öne sürülmüştür.
51. – 54. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
Japonya’da, gelecek otuz yılda nüfus azalırken daha fazla robota gereksinim duyulacaktır.
More robots are going to be needed in Japan as the population decreases over the next thirty years.
As the population of Japan is expected to decrease over the next thirty years robots will become even more necessary.
The decrease in the population of Japan over these thirty years has added to the importance of robots there.
Since the population of Japan is likely to decrease over the coming thirty years the need for robots will increase.
The population of Japan may decrease over the next thirty years and so the need for robots will increase even more.
Çocuklar her bir ebeveynden genlerinin % 50’sini aldıkları için aile bireyleri arasındaki benzerlikler şaşırtıcı değildir.
Family likenesses are inevitable as children get 50% of their genes from each parent.
Similarities between family members are to be expected since children get 50% of their genes from each parent.
Because children inherit 50% of their genes from each parent, similarities between family members are not surprising.
Family likenesses are the result of the genes children inherit, and 50% of them apparently come from each parent.
Such similarities among family members should not surprise us since children get 50% of their genes from each parent.
Ankara’da M.Ö. 1200 öncesine uzanan Hitit kalıntıları bulunmuş olmasına karşın, aslında kent, Frigler tarafından kurulmuştur.
Ankara was really discovered by the Phrygians and Hittite remains dating back to 1200 B.C. have been found there.
Although Hittite remains dating back to before 1200 B.C. have been found in Ankara, the town was really founded by the Phrygians.
It was the Phrygians who actually founded Ankara, but Hittite remains dating back to 1200 B.C. have been found close to the town.
There are Hittite remains in Ankara which seem to date back to 1200 B.C. but it was the Phrygians who actually founded the town.
Ankara was founded by the Phrygians but prior to that around 1200 B.C. the Hittites had already been there.
On yedinci yüzyılın sonunda, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu hâlâ büyük ve güçlüydü, ancak ekonomik ve bilimsel ilerleme bakımından hızla Batı’nın gerisinde kalmaktaydı.
In the Ottoman Empire, economic and scientific progress failed to keep up with that of the West during the seventeenth century, but the size and the power of the Empire remained unchanged.
By the end of the seventeenth century, the Ottoman Empire was clearly dropping behind the West in terms of economic and scientific progress but not in terms of size and power.
The Ottoman Empire continued to be huge and powerful to the very end of the seventeenth century, but economic and scientific progress was slow in comparison with the West.
At the end of the seventeenth century, the Ottoman Empire was still vast and powerful, but was rapidly dropping behind the West in terms of economic and scientific progress.
E) The size and the strength of the Ottoman Empire changed little during the seventeenth century but it dropped rapidly behind the West in economic and scientific matters.
55. – 57. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Producing food costs the earth dearly. First of all, to grow food, we clear land which always incurs losses of native ecosystems and wildlife. Then we plant crops or graze animals on the land. The soil loses nutrients as each crop is taken from it, so fertilizer is applied. Some fertilizer runs off, polluting the waterways. Some plowed soil runs off, which clouds the waterways and interferes with the growth of aquatic plants and animals. To protect crops against weeds and pests, we apply herbicides and pesticides. These chemicals also pollute the water and, wherever the wind carries them, the air. Most herbicides and pesticides kill not only weeds and pests, but also native insects, and animals that eat those plants and insects.
55. The main point made in the passage is that ----.
we damage land in various ways in our efforts to grow crops for food
it is possible to grow plenty of food without using any fertilizers
the pollution caused by herbicides and pesticides can easily be overcome
aquatic plants and animals are the ones that suffer most from the use of chemicals
ecosystems worldwide are being seriously threatened with extinction
Producing food costs the earth dearly. First of all, to grow food, we clear land which always incurs losses of native ecosystems and wildlife. Then we plant crops or graze animals on the land. The soil loses nutrients as each crop is taken from it, so fertilizer is applied. Some fertilizer runs off, polluting the waterways. Some plowed soil runs off, which clouds the waterways and interferes with the growth of aquatic plants and animals. To protect crops against weeds and pests, we apply herbicides and pesticides. These chemicals also pollute the water and, wherever the wind carries them, the air. Most herbicides and pesticides kill not only weeds and pests, but also native insects, and animals that eat those plants and insects.
56. The author points out in the passage that the chemicals we use to grow food ----.
do not as a general rule pollute either the water or the air
ultimately cause serious soil loss
are the same type of chemicals as herbicides and pesticides
also support the wildlife in the region
are both beneficial and harmful
Producing food costs the earth dearly. First of all, to grow food, we clear land which always incurs losses of native ecosystems and wildlife. Then we plant crops or graze animals on the land. The soil loses nutrients as each crop is taken from it, so fertilizer is applied. Some fertilizer runs off, polluting the waterways. Some plowed soil runs off, which clouds the waterways and interferes with the growth of aquatic plants and animals. To protect crops against weeds and pests, we apply herbicides and pesticides. These chemicals also pollute the water and, wherever the wind carries them, the air. Most herbicides and pesticides kill not only weeds and pests, but also native insects, and animals that eat those plants and insects.
57. It is pointed out in the passage that fertilizers are used ----.
only when the crops are overgrown by weeds
since they help to restore ecosystems
because they have almost no ill effect upon the environment
to replace the nutrients that crops have taken out of the soil
to protect crops from pests
58. – 60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
The invention of the printing press during the Renaissance, together with improved methods of manufacturing paper, made possible the rapid spread of knowledge. In 1476, William Caxton set up England’s first printing press at Westminster, a part of London. By 1640, that press and others had printed more than 26,000 different works and editions. With the printing press and the increased availability of books, literacy increased. It is estimated that by 1530 more than half the population of England was literate.
58. We understand from the passage that paper production methods ----.
had, prior to the introduction of the printing press, been relatively poor
had, for many years, been a serious concern for Caxton
improved rapidly around the year 1640
contributed to the reduction in the printing costs of books
in Renaissance England were far ahead of those in other countries
The invention of the printing press during the Renaissance, together with improved methods of manufacturing paper, made possible the rapid spread of knowledge. In 1476, William Caxton set up England’s first printing press at Westminster, a part of London. By 1640, that press and others had printed more than 26,000 different works and editions. With the printing press and the increased availability of books, literacy increased. It is estimated that by 1530 more than half the population of England was literate.
59. It is pointed out in the passage that, during the Renaissance, more and more people ----.
began to settle in London, particularly in the neighbourhood of Westminster
were setting up printing presses
began to collect the early editions of the books printed by Caxton
realized the need to improve methods of paper production
began to read and write as more books were printed and easy to obtain
The invention of the printing press during the Renaissance, together with improved methods of manufacturing paper, made possible the rapid spread of knowledge. In 1476, William Caxton set up England’s first printing press at Westminster, a part of London. By 1640, that press and others had printed more than 26,000 different works and editions. With the printing press and the increased availability of books, literacy increased. It is estimated that by 1530 more than half the population of England was literate.
60. It is clear from the passage that from the time of Caxton to the mid-17th century ----.
there was no progress whatsoever in the techniques of printing
most books were only popular for a few months
a remarkable variety of books became available in England
England’s population nearly doubled
the number of literate people remained the same
61. – 63. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Narrowly defined, fitness refers to the characteristics that enable the body to perform physical activity. These characteristics include flexibility of the joints, strength and endurance of the muscles, including the heart muscle, and a healthy body composition. A broader definition of fitness is the ability to meet routine physical demands with enough reserve energy to rise to a sudden challenge. This definition shows how fitness relates to everyday life. Ordinary tasks such as carrying heavy suitcases, opening a stuck window, or climbing four flights of stairs, which might strain an unfit person, are easy for a fit person. Still another definition is the body’s ability to withstand stress, meaning both physical and psychological stresses. These definitions do not contradict each other; all three describe the same wonderful condition of the body.
61. According to the passage, for people who are not fit, ----.
psychological depression is more or less inevitable
the carrying out of various apparently ordinary tasks can be rather difficult
the first thing to consider is a better diet
recommendations on how to achieve fitness invariably have no appeal
exercise is tiring and should be avoided
Narrowly defined, fitness refers to the characteristics that enable the body to perform physical activity. These characteristics include flexibility of the joints, strength and endurance of the muscles, including the heart muscle, and a healthy body composition. A broader definition of fitness is the ability to meet routine physical demands with enough reserve energy to rise to a sudden challenge. This definition shows how fitness relates to everyday life. Ordinary tasks such as carrying heavy suitcases, opening a stuck window, or climbing four flights of stairs, which might strain an unfit person, are easy for a fit person. Still another definition is the body’s ability to withstand stress, meaning both physical and psychological stresses. These definitions do not contradict each other; all three describe the same wonderful condition of the body.
62. In the passage the writer ----.
points out that everyday life presents many challenges that even the very fit cannot cope with
attaches more importance to physical flexibility than to physical endurance
gives three definitions of fitness that do not conflict with each other
suggests that people routinely perform various tasks to maintain their fitness
claims that physical fitness can easily be maintained
Narrowly defined, fitness refers to the characteristics that enable the body to perform physical activity. These characteristics include flexibility of the joints, strength and endurance of the muscles, including the heart muscle, and a healthy body composition. A broader definition of fitness is the ability to meet routine physical demands with enough reserve energy to rise to a sudden challenge. This definition shows how fitness relates to everyday life. Ordinary tasks such as carrying heavy suitcases, opening a stuck window, or climbing four flights of stairs, which might strain an unfit person, are easy for a fit person. Still another definition is the body’s ability to withstand stress, meaning both physical and psychological stresses. These definitions do not contradict each other; all three describe the same wonderful condition of the body.
63. The idea of fitness put forward in the passage ----.
seems rather outdated and controversial
is complicated and contradictory
seems to ignore the ability to withstand stress
relates more to the sports enthusiasts than to ordinary people
includes not only physical fitness, but also the psychological one
64. – 66. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
I will never forget my first visit to Lascaux. It was a terribly hot July day in 1949, and I was 11 years old. My parents had decided to show me this prehistoric painted cave that had been discovered nine years earlier, and about which there was still so much talk. A newly built road let to the cave near Montignac in southwest France, and there we found a country fair atmosphere. There were buses, hundreds of visitors and people selling ice cream and postcards. There were long lines to buy tickets, long lines to enter the cave. I recall the smell of the pine trees and how many visitors suffered from the heat. After a long wait my parents and I passed through a monumental bronze door and into the semidarkness. We went down the stairs into the large chamber called the Hall of the Bulls, which was 17 meters long, 7 meters wide and 6 meters high. The guide’s flashlight lit the walls. Suddenly all around was a great parade of animals: the big bulls, the black horses, and red and black deer.
64. One point made by the narrator in this passage is that ----.
despite its fame the cave itself was rather disappointing
he was well-informed about the cave before he visited it
the cave was in a remote part of France, and difficult to get to
a lot of time passed before the narrator and his parents could get into the cave
one could explore the cave easily on one’s own
I will never forget my first visit to Lascaux. It was a terribly hot July day in 1949, and I was 11 years old. My parents had decided to show me this prehistoric painted cave that had been discovered nine years earlier, and about which there was still so much talk. A newly built road let to the cave near Montignac in southwest France, and there we found a country fair atmosphere. There were buses, hundreds of visitors and people selling ice cream and postcards. There were long lines to buy tickets, long lines to enter the cave. I recall the smell of the pine trees and how many visitors suffered from the heat. After a long wait my parents and I passed through a monumental bronze door and into the semidarkness. We went down the stairs into the large chamber called the Hall of the Bulls, which was 17 meters long, 7 meters wide and 6 meters high. The guide’s flashlight lit the walls. Suddenly all around was a great parade of animals: the big bulls, the black horses, and red and black deer.
65. The cave which the narrator describes in the passage ----.
had not yet become a tourist attraction
was largely visited by local people
presents a vivid picture of what life was like in prehistoric times
had been open to the public for several decades
contained a great many wall paintings dating back to very ancient times
I will never forget my first visit to Lascaux. It was a terribly hot July day in 1949, and I was 11 years old. My parents had decided to show me this prehistoric painted cave that had been discovered nine years earlier, and about which there was still so much talk. A newly built road let to the cave near Montignac in southwest France, and there we found a country fair atmosphere. There were buses, hundreds of visitors and people selling ice cream and postcards. There were long lines to buy tickets, long lines to enter the cave. I recall the smell of the pine trees and how many visitors suffered from the heat. After a long wait my parents and I passed through a monumental bronze door and into the semidarkness. We went down the stairs into the large chamber called the Hall of the Bulls, which was 17 meters long, 7 meters wide and 6 meters high. The guide’s flashlight lit the walls. Suddenly all around was a great parade of animals: the big bulls, the black horses, and red and black deer.
66. It is understood from the passage that the visit to the cave ----.
was originally the narrator’s own idea
was arranged for the narrator by his parents
was not very enjoyable for the narrator as he felt frightened when he was in the cave
turned out to be a great disappointment
took place on a delightfully fresh warm summer’s day
67. – 69. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
At the doors of the City Library waited a dozen men and half as many women; the lucky ones, by squeezing very close, partly sheltered themselves from the cold rain; not a word of conversation passed among them, and time passed very slowly. Then the clock struck, and the doors opened. There was a great rush down the stairs to the newspaper room, and the first sight of this or that morning paper. All the women, but only a few of the men, were genuinely eager to search columns of advertisements, on the chance of finding employment; the rest came for horse-racing news, or a murder trial, or some such matter of popular interest. In a very short time each of the favourite journals had its little crowd, waiting with impatience behind the two or three persons who managed to read simultaneously. The only sound was that of rustling papers.
67. This passage describes a scene at a public library early one morning, and ----.
argues for the need to open more public libraries
stresses the problems of public libraries and how to overcome them
is full of details about the people there
could be part of a political speech on the lives of working people
all the people described have the same interests
At the doors of the City Library waited a dozen men and half as many women; the lucky ones, by squeezing very close, partly sheltered themselves from the cold rain; not a word of conversation passed among them, and time passed very slowly. Then the clock struck, and the doors opened. There was a great rush down the stairs to the newspaper room, and the first sight of this or that morning paper. All the women, but only a few of the men, were genuinely eager to search columns of advertisements, on the chance of finding employment; the rest came for horse-racing news, or a murder trial, or some such matter of popular interest. In a very short time each of the favourite journals had its little crowd, waiting with impatience behind the two or three persons who managed to read simultaneously. The only sound was that of rustling papers.
68. We understand from the passage that the job advertisements in the newspapers ----.
interested the women far more than the men
were the main attraction for men and women alike
attracted fewer readers than did the horse-racing columns
soon became the topic of friendly conversations among the readers
invariably failed to meet the expectations of the readers
At the doors of the City Library waited a dozen men and half as many women; the lucky ones, by squeezing very close, partly sheltered themselves from the cold rain; not a word of conversation passed among them, and time passed very slowly. Then the clock struck, and the doors opened. There was a great rush down the stairs to the newspaper room, and the first sight of this or that morning paper. All the women, but only a few of the men, were genuinely eager to search columns of advertisements, on the chance of finding employment; the rest came for horse-racing news, or a murder trial, or some such matter of popular interest. In a very short time each of the favourite journals had its little crowd, waiting with impatience behind the two or three persons who managed to read simultaneously. The only sound was that of rustling papers.
69. It is clear from the passage that people came to the library early in the morning in order to ----.
read a newspaper before going to work
find out primarily, about the horse-racing results
get a warm place in which to shelter
meet their friends and do a bit of reading
get information about things that interested them
70. – 72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
The tension between financial growth and social instability in 19th-century Victorian England influenced its literature. Prosperity brought a great number of new readers, with money to spend on books and periodicals. In this period, when few people went to the theatre or concerts, literature functioned as a primary source of entertainment. Writers had available an audience eager to read and willing to pay. In addition, writers were respected more than at any time in English literary history. The masses knew and loved the works of the most famous, while the wealthy sought their friendship. Major Victorian writers had the attention of political and social leaders, and when they spoke, they were listened to.
70. It is pointed out in the passage that, in Victorian England, ----.
it was the masses, rather than the wealthy, who were hit hard by the economic decline
theatres were popular places of entertainment and attracted large audiences
politicians virtually ignored the opinions expressed by the writers of the period
reading was a popular pastime for everyone
there was a remarkable degree of social harmony between the classes
The tension between financial growth and social instability in 19th-century Victorian England influenced its literature. Prosperity brought a great number of new readers, with money to spend on books and periodicals. In this period, when few people went to the theatre or concerts, literature functioned as a primary source of entertainment. Writers had available an audience eager to read and willing to pay. In addition, writers were respected more than at any time in English literary history. The masses knew and loved the works of the most famous, while the wealthy sought their friendship. Major Victorian writers had the attention of political and social leaders, and when they spoke, they were listened to.
71. It is clear from the passage that, in the Victorian age, leading writers ----.
mainly concerned themselves with the problems of the masses
were much respected by politicians and could influence them
often made a career for themselves in politics as they grew older
aimed to entertain rather than to instruct and guide
were eager to make theatre-going more popular
The tension between financial growth and social instability in 19th-century Victorian England influenced its literature. Prosperity brought a great number of new readers, with money to spend on books and periodicals. In this period, when few people went to the theatre or concerts, literature functioned as a primary source of entertainment. Writers had available an audience eager to read and willing to pay. In addition, writers were respected more than at any time in English literary history. The masses knew and loved the works of the most famous, while the wealthy sought their friendship. Major Victorian writers had the attention of political and social leaders, and when they spoke, they were listened to.
72. We understand from the passage that Victorian literature ----.
was affected by the economic and social issues of the age
was primarily written about and for the wealthy
deliberately avoided political and social issues
is not generally regarded as a significant part of English literary history
has never been of much interest to the masses
73. – 75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
When Toy Story I was released in 1995, it became an international sensation. It was the first feature film to be entirely constructed from computer animation and its considerable technical achievements were the result of four years of hard work by a large team of computer animators. The results have been greatly appreciated. The question now is: will Toy Story II continue to impress? Judging by the enthusiastic reception at a recent press screening from an audience made up largely of adults, the answer is a definite “yes”. “The movies that I’m most affected by are the ones that make me laugh hysterically but also have an effect on my emotions”, says the film’s director John Lasseter. Toy Story II does just that.
73. We learn from the passage that Toy Story I ----.
was so amusing that many people wanted to see it again and again
appealed more to adults than it did to children
received poor reviews from the press when it was first screened for journalists
has been surpassed by Toy Story II in every respect
was greatly admired throughout the world when it first came out
When Toy Story I was released in 1995, it became an international sensation. It was the first feature film to be entirely constructed from computer animation and its considerable technical achievements were the result of four years of hard work by a large team of computer animators. The results have been greatly appreciated. The question now is: will Toy Story II continue to impress? Judging by the enthusiastic reception at a recent press screening from an audience made up largely of adults, the answer is a definite “yes”. “The movies that I’m most affected by are the ones that make me laugh hysterically but also have an effect on my emotions”, says the film’s director John Lasseter. Toy Story II does just that.
74. We understand from the passage that the kind of films that please John Lasseter most ----.
are the ones that are the result of the joint efforts of many people working under pressure
are the ones with a large proportion of computer animation
are the ones that are both extremely funny and also appeal to the feelings
deal with sad events that leave people feeling upset
are films about children and for children
When Toy Story I was released in 1995, it became an international sensation. It was the first feature film to be entirely constructed from computer animation and its considerable technical achievements were the result of four years of hard work by a large team of computer animators. The results have been greatly appreciated. The question now is: will Toy Story II continue to impress? Judging by the enthusiastic reception at a recent press screening from an audience made up largely of adults, the answer is a definite “yes”. “The movies that I’m most affected by are the ones that make me laugh hysterically but also have an effect on my emotions”, says the film’s director John Lasseter. Toy Story II does just that.
75. It is clear from the passage that the making of Toy Story I ----.
brought great fame to director John Lasseter, though he didn’t actually deserve it
involved a great many people and called for a lot of effort and collaboration
was a costly production, and this upset the director
included both computer animation and live acting
was so tiring that Lasseter was reluctant to start work on Toy Story II
76. – 80. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.
One of them must be lying, and I suspect it’s Emma.
It’s probably Emma who is lying, it can’t be one of the others.
Emma is the one who is lying; it’s clearly not one of the others.
Clearly it’s Emma who is lying and the others are not.
If anyone is lying, it’s got to be Emma.
I have a feeling that it’s Emma who is lying; one of them certainly is.
It’s the best film I’ve seen in ages.
It’s not often one has the chance to see such an excellent film.
It’s quite the best film I have ever seen.
That was a terrific film, quite unlike anything I have ever seen.
It’s a long time since I saw such a wonderful film.
It’s an excellent film; I saw it years ago.
Mary felt quite certain that her sister would stand by her, but in the end she didn’t.
Mary had hoped that her sister would come to her aid, but she never did.
Mary was confident that she would have her sister’s support, but as it turned out she let her down.
Mary didn’t expect her own sister to let her down like that.
It was unrealistic of Mary to rely on getting help from her sister.
It came as a horrible shock to Mary when her own sister turned against her like that.
Our system is that the losing side pays for the hire of the basketball court.
If our side loses, then we will have to pay for the hire of the basketball court.
I don’t see why the losers should have to pay for the hire of the basketball court.
The way we do it is, whichever side loses, that side pays for the hire of the basketball court.
With us it’s the winners, not the losers who have to pay for the hire of the basketball court.
The losers obviously expect the winning side to pay for the hire of the basketball court.
If only you’d told me you were planning to spend the summer in Alanya, I would have joined you there.
I’m planning to come to Alanya in the summer as I hear you’ll be there then.
You should have let me know that you’d be in Alanya during the summer and I’d have come too.
I will be spending all the summer in Alanya, and hope you’ll be able to join me there.
Let me know if you can manage to get to Alanya next summer so that I can arrange to join you there.
Be sure to let me know what your plans are for the summer, as I’m hoping we can meet up in Alanya.
81. – 85. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
Poetry is one of the oldest forms of literature. ----. They used rhythm and rhyme to help them remember the stories better. Ballads are a good example of this, for they are stories in poetic form that were sung.
Before literature was written down, people told stories
Each word and phrase in this poem is chosen with great care
In poems, language is used in unusual and creative ways
Prose is the language used in everyday life
Even so, there are certain basic similarities between present-day poetry and that of the past
Most successful short stories are characterized by compression. The writer’s aim is to say as much as possible as briefly as possible. ----. It means only that nothing is wasted and that all the words and details are chosen for maximum effectiveness.
Background and time are both chosen carefully
Such details will obviously be omitted
In other words, much emphasis must be put on the portrayal of the main character
Some writers make even more use of symbolism
This does not mean that in order to be good a story has to be short
A biography is an account of a person’s life. It will often concentrate on that person’s achievements and on the difficulties that had to be overcome before success was possible. ----. But at the same time he must keep to the known facts about the person.
The background is sometimes equally important
Most biographies are about people who have done something significant
In an autobiography, the author is writing about himself
The biographer must create living, believable characters
For instance, many people have written biographies of Queen Victoria
The word “panic”, meaning fear, comes from the name of the Greek god Pan, a noisy musician who was thought to play his pipes day and night in the woods. Long ago people thought Pan made the sounds that frightened travellers in the wilderness at night. ----.
The word “panic” soon came to describe their fear
Sometimes an author does not state directly everything that is happening
One way to find the meaning of unfamiliar words is to use the context
A synonym is a word that has almost the same meaning as another word
When we look up an unfamiliar word in a dictionary, we may find more than one definition
Most of our misconceptions of art arise from a lack of consistency in the use of the words “art” and “beauty”. ----. This identification of art and beauty is at the bottom of all our difficulties in the appreciation of art. For art is not necessarily beauty. Whether we look at the problem historically or sociologically, we find that art has often been a thing of no beauty.
There are certain characteristics common to all the arts
We always assume that art and beauty go together and that ugliness is the opposite of art
Such a theory of art is as inclusive as any theory of art needs to be
For the ancient Greeks, art was an idealization of nature, and especially of man
In this sense it is true to say that art is expression – nothing more, and nothing less
86. – 90. sorularda, verilen durumda söylen- miş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.
A classmate, Barry, has fallen off his bicycle and injured himself but not too seriously. You get hold of another classmate and suggest you go together and visit him to cheer him up:
Barry’s feeling rather miserable after the bicycle accident and wants us to visit him, shall we?
Have you been to visit Barry yet? You do know, don’t you, that he’s fallen off his bike?
Did you know that poor Barry has hurt himself falling off a bike? Let’s go and amuse him a bit.
My mother thinks we ought to visit Barry as he’s hurt himself a bit. What do you say?
Do we really have to go and visit this Barry? He’s not badly hurt.
A friend of yours has a spare ticket for a special pop concert, and has asked if you’d like to join him and some others at the concert. Obviously you are delighted and accept straight away, saying:
It’s a marvellous chance for me to get to this pop concert! Of course, I’d love to come with you.
I’ve always been fond of pop concerts, haven’t you?
Do you know who is organizing these pop concerts? It must be hard work.
Why is it you’re so interested in this concert? Because of your friends?
I’ll have to think about it. What’s the date of it? I’ve rather a lot on at the moment.
Your brother is supposed to be taking part in a cross-country running competition. He feels he has no chance of winning and so is wondering about withdrawing from the race. To encourage him to run the race, you say:
This cross-country competition is putting too much stress on you. Forget it!
What’s the matter with you? If you don’t want to run, don’t.
It’s not like you to keep changing your mind. Come on, make a definite decision and keep to it.
By the way, I hear John’s not running. What have you decided to do?
Come on! It’s not the end of the world if you don’t win. And you’ve a good chance of winning.
You are doing some research for a geography homework on Norway’s fjords. So you go to the library and ask the librarian there for assistance:
I’ve found two books on Norway’s fjords, but they are very out-of-date.
There is not a single book on Norway’s fjords in this library!
Can you help me to find some material on the coastline of Norway?
I’m rather disappointed to find you have so little material on Norway and its fjords.
If you’d given me a little assistance when I came in, I would easily have found these books on the fjords of Norway.
Your mother finds you looking through several travel magazines. She knows you’re longing to go to some exotic place for a holiday and wishes you could. So, as a way of sharing your feelings, she leans over your shoulder and says quietly:
I wish you were a bit more adventurous. When I was your age, we used to go camping!
All these holiday resorts in faraway countries are quite beyond anything we can afford.
You are wasting your time with these magazines. It’s time you grew up and became realistic.
If we really had plenty of money, where would you go for your dream holiday?
I don’t think these places are nearly as exotic as the magazines suggest.
91. – 95. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
Molly :- What are you doing on Saturday? Agnes : - ---- Molly : - Do you need any help? Agnes : - I certainly do! You can use a sewing machine, can’t you?
I’ve still not finished the costumes for the end-of- term play. So I’ll be busy with them.
I promised to help mother in the garden. There really is a lot to do there.
My little brother is having a birthday party and I’m on duty; organizing the games I suppose.
Nothing at all. I’ve been terribly busy all week and I’m determined to do nothing at all on Saturday.
Nothing much. Have you any suggestions?
John : - You’re looking worried. What’s the matter? Martin : - ---- John : - Then don’t listen to them. Keep it simple and include only what you think is necessary. Martin : - Yes; I’m sure that will be best.
I wish I hadn’t agreed to play table tennis with them this evening.
I really want to apologize for breaking that window, but don’t know what to say.
They keep trying to persuade me to go on that bicycle trip with them, but I don’t want to.
It’s that letter of application. Everyone is trying to advise me; and they are all saying different things!
I know I didn’t do at all well at that interview, so I won’t be offered the job. What can I do to improve myself?
Ken : - I plan to spend two to three months in France when I finish school, and get fluent in French. Paul : - ---- Ken : - Not necessarily. And, besides, I’m earning quite a bit of money now with a parttime job as a waiter. Paul : - Good for you! You really are very enterprising.
I’d come with you if only I had the money.
I’d like to go to Germany for the same reason.
That’s a good idea. But won’t it be expensive?
Lucky you! Where’s hte money coming from?
Will you be in Paris most of the time?
Jenny : - How’s your brother getting on? He’s at Leeds University, isn’t he? Roger : - That’s right. He’s studying medicine there. Jenny : - ---- Roger : - No. He’s in his final year. He’ll soon be a fully qualified doctor.
The first two years are the hardest.
What year is he in? Third?
When does he expect to finish?
He always wanted to be a doctor, didn’t he?
Leeds has a good medical school.
Pat : - If there’s a good film on the TV tonight, let’s watch it. Nancy : - There’s Trial by Jury but we’ve both seen that. Pat : - ---- Nancy : - That’s true. So sit down; it’s about to start.
Then how about going to the cinema down the road?
I can’t remember much about it, can you?
Yes; and I certainly don’t want to see it again!
Well, I can’t remember anything about it.
Yes; but it was a terrific film, and well-worth seeing again.
(I) Modern Trabzon is built on a mountainside. (II) It is a bright, busy town with cafés and bookshops and restaurants. (III) Most visitors, however, go there in order to see the dramatic Byzantine monastery at Sumela. (IV) Trabzon is the largest port along Eastern Turkey’s Black Sea coast. (V) This has been carved out of a steep rock cliff and is well-worth a visit.
I
II
III
IV
V
(I) At this time the writer was living in a tiny flat in Edinburgh with her baby daughter. (II) The latest Harry Potter book has had an unexpected effect on young fans. (III) Some paediatricians have reported an outbreak of headaches among children reading Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. (IV) They attributed this problem to the 8-hour reading sessions the young enthusiasts put in as they worked their way through the 870-page volume. (V) Fortunately, the problem clears up of its own accord a day or two after the reader finishes the book.
I
II
III
IV
V
(I) Contemporary rock and pop music has come about due to vast advances in technology. (II) In this respect the impact of the microphone should not be underestimated. (III) Further, certain environmental forces may influence how they sing. (IV) It has enabled quiet, intimate sounds to be magnified. (V) In turn, this has allowed the singer to experiment with the emphasis on mood rather than strict adherence to proper breathing.
I
II
III
IV
V
(I) Cameroon has begun to make one of its deadly lakes safe at last. (II) With the increase in oil, timber and coffee exports, Cameroon’s economy has improved remarkably over recent years. (III) Engineers have started installing pipes to remove carbon dioxide building up in the depths of Lake Monoun, which could erupt at any time and suffocate people nearby. (IV) The pipes will begin pumping out the gas by the end of the year. (V) This should make Lake Monoun safe within a year and a half.
I
II
III
IV
V
(I) Jean Piaget is the psychologist whose work has had the greatest influence on the study of child development. (II) Among the first to accept Piaget’s theories were educators, who began to develop school curricula based on his ideas. (III) During the 1940s and 1950s American child psychology turned toward environmental and conditioning methods. (IV) He’s different from any other psychologist in that his theoretical views are still widely accepted in some form by many of today’s developmental psychologists. (V) Further Piaget’s many books on child psychology remain the greatest contribution to the field by a single scholar.