“TO BE” etrafımızdaki nesneleri NİTELEMEK, ÖZELLİKLERİNİ, YERLERİNİ VE KONUMLARINI BELİRTMEK İSTEDİĞIMIZDE kullanacağımız temel fiildir. To be cümleleri kesinlikle EYLEM CÜMLESİ DEĞİLDİRLER.İçinde hareket, ivme içeren hiçbir yapıyı anlatamazlar.

I am I’m I’m from New ealand.
You are You’re You’re Chilean.
He is He’s He’s twenty years old.
She is She’s She’s a nurse.
It is It’s It’s a big dog.
We are We’re We’re intelligent.
You are You’re You’re students.
They are They’re They’re married.

I am not I am not from Spain.
You are not You are not Australian.
He is not He is not thirty years old.
She is not She is not a secretary.
It is not It is not a small cat.
We are not We are not stupid.
You are not You are not teachers.
They are not They are not single.

I am a doctor. ( Ben bir doktorum.)
You are a doctor. (Sen bir doktorsun.)
He is a doctor. (O bir doktordur.)
He is ill. (O hastadır.)
She is my sister. (O benim kız kardeşim.)
His shoes are dirty. (Onun ayakkabıları kirli.)
Tom is tired. (Tom yorgun.)
Shops are closed. (Mağazalar kapalı.)
Jane is at home. (Jane evde.)
I am 21years old. (Ben 21 yaşındayım.)
The movie is wonderful. (Film harika.)
Karen’s eyes are green. (Karen’in gözleri yeşil.)
It is Linda’s bag. (O linda’ın çantası.)
They are in the kitchen. (Onlar mutfaktalar.)

Am I intelligent? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are you a student? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Is he a pilot? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
Is she from Spain? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
Is it a big house? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
Are we ready? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
Are you doctors? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
Are they rich? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the bicycle expensive? (Bisiklet pahalı mı?)
Are the children at home? (Çocuklar evde mi?)
Aren’t you a student? (Sen öğrenci değil misin?)
Isn’t the box empty? (Kutu boş değil mi?)
Aren’t they in Ankara? (Onlar Ankara’da değil mi?)
Yes, they are. (Evet, Ankara’dalar.)

İngilizce was-were, TO BE FİİLİNİN GEÇMIŞ ZAMANDAKİ KARŞILIĞIDIR. am-is-are yardımcı fiillerinin GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN halleridir.

I was I was tired this morning.
You were You were very good.
He was He was the best in his class.
She was She was late for work.
It was It was a sunny day.
We were We were at home.
They were They were happy with their test resul
TO BE- PAST Negative (OLUMSUZ ŞEKLİ)
Şahıs Zamiri To Be Örnek Cümle
I was not I was not tired this morning.
You were not You were not crazy.
He was not He was not married.
She was not She was not famous.
It was not It was not hot yesterday.
We were not We were not invited.
They were not They were not friends.

I am a doctor. (Ben bir doktorum.) (GENİŞ ZAMAN ve şimdiki zamanı kapsar)
I was a doctor. (Ben bir doktordum). (GEÇMİŞ ZAMANI kapsar.)
They are at home. (Onlar evde.) (Geniş zaman ve şimdiki zamanı kapsar)
They were at home. (Onlar evdeydiler.) (Geçmiş zamanı kapsar.)
There was a letter for you this morning. (Bu sabah size bir mektup vardı.)
There was some important news on the radio. (Radyoda önemli birkaç haber vardı.)
Jack lost his job yesterday. He was angry. (Jack dün işini kaybetti. Kızgındı.)

I was late Was I late?
You were sick. Were you sick?
He was surprised. Was he surprised?
She was from Italy. Was she from Italy?
It was a big house. Was it a big house?
We were ready. Were we ready?
They were busy. Were they busy?

Was Maria at the college last year? (Maria geçen sene kolejde miydi?)
Who was at the college last year? (Geçen sene kim kolejdeydi?)
Was Orwell in India two years ago? (Orwell iki sene önce Hindistan’da mıydı?)

English exercise “To be present and past”

My parents are not at home. Where is the bank?
Are you a teacher? Who is this girl?
Were you alone or with your wife? We were angry not to meet them.
You were very angry. They were very late.
Where was Matt at ten o’clock? Were there a lot of people in the snack bar?
What was the weather like at midnight? Was Matt in his cabin?
Was Loren good at school? She was so-so. Was Margaret good at school? No, she wasn’t.