Present perfect tense

Have you been to Paris in the last year?

Present Perfect, GEÇMİŞTE KONUŞMA ANINA YAKIN BİR ZAMANDA BİTMİŞ VE ETKİSİ HÂLÂ DEVAM EDEN eylem veya olaylardan bahsedirken kullanılır.

Present perfect tense’in cümle yapısı
OLUMLU	OLUMSUZ		SORU
	uzun şekil	kısa şekil
I have done	I have not done	I haven’t done	Have I done?
You have done	You have not done	You haven’t done	Have you done?
He/ she/ it has done	He/she/it has not done	He/she/it hasn’t done	Has he/she/it done?
We have done	We have not done	We haven’t done	Have we done?
You have done	You have not done	You haven’t done	Have you done?
They have done	They have not done	They haven’t done	Have they done?

I think I have seen that movie before.                                                                          (Sanırım o filmi daha önce gördüm.) He has never traveled by train.                                                                          (Trenle hiç yolculuk yapmadı.)

Joan has studied two foreign languages.                 (Joan iki yabancı dil eğitimi görmüş.) Have you ever met him?                                                                         (Onunla hiç karşılaştın mı?)

I have seen that movie six times in the last month.   (Geçtiğimiz ay içerisinde o filmi altı kez seyrettim.) They have had three tests in the last week.                                                                     (Geçtiğimiz hafta içerisinde üç test oldular.)

I have been in New York.                                         (New York’ta bulundum.)

You have listened to Britney Spears in the concert. (Sen konserde Britney Spears’ı dinledin. ) I have seen that movie.                                                                              (Ben o filmi gördüm.)

He has paid his income tax.                                      (O, gelir vergisini ödedi.)

THE PRESENT PERFECT “yesterday,” “one year ago,” “last week,” “when I was a child,” “when I lived in Japan,” “at that moment,” “that day” or “one day.” “ever,” “never,” “once,” “many times,” “several times,” “before,” “so far,” “already” and “yet.” gibi ifadelerle birlikte kullanılabilir

Have you been to Mexico in the last year?    I have seen that movie six times in the last month.

They have had three tests in the last week. She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far. My car has broken down three times this week.

                                “just, already and yet” PRESENT FERFECT TENSE ile birlikte kullanılabilirler.   

just
Just (kısa bir süre önce, az önce)	I have just washed my car. I have just made a terrible mistake.

Where is Tom? He was here just now.                      (Tom nerede? Az evvel buradaydı.)

I saw them just now. They are coming.                    (Onları şimdi (az evvel) gördüm. Geliyorlar.) Where is Jane? (Jane nerede?)                                                                She has just gone out. (Biraz önce çıktı.)

already
Already , “önceden”, “daha önce”, “zaten”,	I am sorry, she has already gone home. The film has already started. She’s only four years old and she is already reading.

‘When is Sara going on holiday?’ ‘She has already gone.

I have already sent.                                                  (Çoktan gönderdim.)

Do you want me to make the salad for dinner?          (Akşam yemeği için salata yapmamı ister misin?) I have already made it. It is on the table.                                                                      (Salatayı zaten yaptım. Masada)

yet
Yet (şimdiye kadar anlamında ullanılır) SORU VE OLUMSUZ cümlelerde kullanılır.	I haven’t seen the film yet. A: Have you seen him? B: Not yet.

I haven’t finished yet. (Henüz bitirmedim.)

Have you seen Eric yet? ( Bu ara Eric’i gördünüz mü?) Has he arrived yet?

       “Since ve for” bu tensle kullanılabilir(Bak unite 11)      

I haven’t seen Mary since Monday.                                                                  (Pazartesiden beri Mary’yi görmedim) We have been married for 20 years.                                                                    (20-yıldır evliyiz.)

They haven’t seen each other for 2 years.                 (İki yıldır birbirlerini görmediler.)

Present perfect with “ever – never”

Have you ever been to Greece?

Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. No,Never

EVER Cümlenin gelişine göre – “BUGÜNE DEĞIN HIÇ OLUŞMADIĞI KADAR” gibi anlamlara gelir

Have you ever met him?                                           (Onunla hiç karşılaştın mı?)

No, I have not met him.                                            (Hayır, onunla hiç karşılaşmadım)

Have you been to Mexico in the last year?               (Son bir yıl içerisinde Meksika’da bulundun mu?) Have you ever been to Japan?                                                                              (Siz hiç Japonya’da bulundunuz mu?)

Yes, I have been to Japan.                                       (Evet, ben Japonya’da bulundum.)

Have you ever lift up a car? No, never

ASLA, HİÇBİR ZAMAN” ANLAMINA GELEN “NEVER” kelimesi hiç yapılmamış şeylerden bahsetmek için kullanıldığından, cümleye mana olarak olumsuzluk kattığını söyleyebiliriz.

No, I have never been to Japan.                                (Hayır, ben Japonya’da hiç bulunmadım)

He has never travelled by train.                                 (Trenle hiç yolculuk yapmadı.)

Her ikisi de “hiç” anlamında olup “Ever” SORU cümlelerinde, “never” ise OLUMSUZ cümlelerde kullanılır.

Have you ever been to London?                               I have never been to London.

Have you ever tried Indian food?                              No, I’ve never done that.