10. sınıf ingilizce reported speech ppt indir
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Open in new tab Grammar Focus: Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım) – Part 2 & Advanced Rules
Part 1’de Dolaylı Anlatıma giriş yapmıştık. Şimdi sunumun sonunda listelenen konuları daha detaylı inceleyelim ve sık yapılan hatalara odaklanalım.
1. Pronoun Changes (Zamir Değişimleri)
• Dolaylı anlatıma çevirirken, konuşan kişiye ve aktarılan kişiye göre zamirler değişir.
• Kural: Genellikle birinci ve ikinci şahıs zamirleri (I, you, we) üçüncü şahıs zamirlerine (he, she, they) dönüşür.
• Direct: “I have lost my pen,” he said.
• Indirect: He said that he had lost his pen.
• Direct: “We will help you,” they told me.
• Indirect: They said that they would help me.
2. Time and Place Expressions (Zaman ve Yer Zarfları)
• Geçmişte söylenen bir sözü şimdi aktarıyorsak, zaman ve yer zarfları da değişir.
• now ➔ then
• today ➔ that day
• yesterday ➔ the day before / the previous day
• tomorrow ➔ the next day / the following day
• last week ➔ the week before / the previous week
• next week ➔ the following week
• here ➔ there
• this ➔ that
• these ➔ those
• ago ➔ before
• Direct: “I will see you tomorrow,” she said.
• Indirect: She said she would see me the next day.
• Direct: “I saw him yesterday,” he said.
• Indirect: He said he had seen him the day before.
3. Say vs. Tell (Kullanım Farkları)
• Say: Nesne almaz. (He said that…)
• Tell: Mutlaka bir nesne alır. (He told me that…)
• Ask: Soru sormak veya rica etmek için kullanılır. (He asked me if…)
• ❌ He said me that he was tired.
✅ He told me that he was tired.
✅ He said that he was tired.
4. Reporting Questions (Soruların Aktarımı – Detay)
• Yes/No soruları: if veya whether kullanılır.
• Wh- soruları: Wh- kelimesi başa geçer, ardından düz cümle yapısı (Subject + Verb) gelir.
• Yardımcı fiiller (do, does, did) kaybolur.
• Direct: “Are you coming?” he asked.
• Indirect: He asked if I was coming. (Dikkat: “was coming”, “did come” değil)
• Direct: “Where does she live?” he asked.
• Indirect: He asked where she lived. (Dikkat: “she lived”, “did she live” değil)
5. Mixed Types (Karışık Yapılar – Örnek)
• Bir konuşmada hem düz cümle hem soru hem de emir olabilir. Her birini kendi kuralına göre aktarırız.
• Direct: “I am going to the store. Do you want anything? Don’t forget to lock the door.”
• Indirect: He said that he was going to the store. He asked if I wanted anything. He told me not to forget to lock the door.
Common Mistakes (Sık Yapılan Hatalar)
• ❌ She asked me where did I live.
✅ She asked me where I lived. (Soru aktarımında düz cümle yapısı kullanılır, yardımcı fiil atılır.)
• ❌ He told to me to open the door.
✅ He told me to open the door. (Tell + object + to V)
• ❌ She suggested to go to the cinema.
✅ She suggested going to the cinema. (Suggest + V-ing)
• ❌ He said that he has lost his pen.
✅ He said that he had lost his pen. (Tense backshift kuralı)
• ❌ “I will come,” he said. ➔ He said he will come.
✅ He said he would come. (Will ➔ Would)
Practice: Fill in the Blanks (Part 2)
Aşağıdaki cümleleri dolaylı anlatıma çeviriniz:
- “I am very busy today,” she said.
She said that she ________ very busy ________. - “Close the window!” the teacher said to us.
The teacher told us ________ the window. - “Do you like coffee?” he asked me.
He asked me ________ I liked coffee. - “Let’s watch a movie,” she said.
She suggested ________ a movie. - “Where is the station?” the tourist asked.
The tourist asked where the station ________. - “Don’t be late!” my mother said.
My mother warned me ________ be late. - “I can’t speak French,” he said.
He said that he ________ speak French. - “What a wonderful surprise!” she said.
She exclaimed that ________ a wonderful surprise.
Answer Key (Part 2)
- was / that day
- to close
- if / whether
- watching
- was
- not to
- couldn’t
- it was
Summary
• Statements: say/tell + that + tense backshift (I am ➔ he was)
• Commands/Requests: tell/ask + object + to + V1 (Open the door ➔ He told me to open the door)
• Suggestions: suggest + V-ing (Let’s go ➔ He suggested going)
• Modals: can ➔ could, will ➔ would, must ➔ had to
• Exclamations: exclaim + that + düz cümle (What a day! ➔ She exclaimed that it was a beautiful day)
• Questions: ask + if/whether (Yes/No) veya ask + wh- + düz cümle (Where do you live? ➔ He asked where I lived)
• Mixed Types: Her cümleyi kendi kuralına göre aktar.
Mini Quiz (Part 2)
Choose the correct option:
- “I will help you,” he said. ➔ He said he will / would help me.
- “Don’t shout!” she said to him. ➔ She told him to not / not to shout.
- “Do you play tennis?” she asked. ➔ She asked if / that I played tennis.
- “Let’s eat pizza,” he said. ➔ He suggested to eat / eating pizza.
- “Where is my book?” he asked. ➔ He asked where was his book / his book was.
Answers: 1. would 2. not to 3. if 4. eating 5. his book was