11 sinif ingilizce gerund infinitives konu anlatimi

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

When we use two verbs together,the form of the second verb usually depends on the first verb.If we use only verb we name it infinitive.If we use verb+ing we name it gerund.

GERUND (VERB+ING) AVOID-END UP-REGRET-KEEP-DON’T MIND-FINISH-MISS-ENJOY

INIFINITIVE WITH TO

(TO DO) REFUSE-NEED-HOPE-PRETEND-MANAGE-SEEM-PLAN-FORGET-DECIDE

OBJECT+INFINITIVE

(SOMEONE)

+DO

(SOMETHING)

MAKE -LET

OBJECT+INFINITIVE WITH

TO

SB/STH TO DO ALLOW-FORCE-ENCOURAGE-EXPECT-PERSUADE-ASK-TEACH-PAY-CONVINCE

BOTH GERUND AND

INFINITIVE

BEGIN-PREFER-START-CONTINUE-LOVE-LIKE-HATE

BOTH OBJECT+INFINITIVE

AND

OBJECT+INFINITIVE TO HELP

IMPORTANT! *BEGIN,START AND CONTINUE CAN FOLLOWED BY BOTH INFINITIVE AND GERUND BUT IF THEY ARE USED IN CONTINUOUS FORMS THEY ARE ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY THE INFINITIVE WITH TO. She is starting to have a discussion with her husband. **In British English “love,like,dislike,hate” are generally followed by gerund(ing)-àI love staying up late. In American English we use infinitive:àI love to stay up late.

EXAMPLES OF PART I (GERUND-VERB+ING)

1)He avoided looking at me while I was criticising him.

2)I couldn’t imagine that I would do this but I ended up marrying to him.

3)I regret being in this situation.

4)I I keep on thinking I’ve seen her before somewhere.

5) She doesn’t mind having a dog in the house so long as it’s clean.

6) Have you finished reading that magazine?

7) I only just missed being run over by a bus this morning.

8) I want to travel because I enjoy meeting people and seeing new places.

EXAMPLES OF PART 2(INFINITIVE WITH TO)

1)On cold mornings the car always refuses to start.

1) He needs to lose a bit of weight.

2) They hope to visit us next year.

3) Were you just pretending to be interested?

4) I only just managed to finish on time.

5) I seem to know more about him than anyone else.

6) My plan is to hire a car when I arrive in America and travel about.

7) Dad’s always forgetting (to take) his pills.

8) In the end, we decided to go to the theatre.

EXAMPLES OF PART 3(OBJECT+INFINITIVE)(SOMEONE/SOMETHING DO)

1) What made you change your mind?

2) He decided to let his hair grow long.

EXAMPLES OF PART 4(OBJECT+TO DO)(SOMEONE/SOMETHING TO DO)

1) You’re not allowed to talk during the exam

2) I really have to force myself to be pleasant to him.

3) We were encouraged to learn foreign languages at school.

4) You expect her to make a lot of housework but she is busy.

5) He is trying to persuade local and foreign businesses to invest in the project.

6) You should ask your accountant to give you some financial advice.

7) Who taught you to cook?

8) I paid a lot of money to get the washing machine fixed and it still doesn’t work!

9) I hope this will convince you to change your mind.

EXAMPLES OF PART 5(BOTH GERUND AND INFINITIVE)

1)Jane has just begun learning to drive.1)Jane has just begun to learn to drive.

2) I’d prefer to discuss this issue. 2)I’d prefer discussing this issue.

3) ] I’d just started to write a letter when the phone rang.

3) ] I’d just started writing a letter when the phone rang.

EXAMPLES OF PART 6(BOTH OBJECT+INFINITIVE AND OBJECT+INFINITIVE TO)

The £10, 000 loan from the bank helped her (to) start her own business.

VERBS WITH DIFFERENT MEANINGS

•REMEMBER+VERB+ING: remember something that you did before.

EXAMPLE: I don’t remember lending you money.

•REMEMBER+INFINITIVE WITH TO: to not forget to do something.

EXAMPLE: Did you remember to do the shopping?

•STOP+VERB+ING:Stop sth that you were doing.

EXAMPLE: Stop shouting – you’re giving me a headache!

•STOP+INFINITIVE WITH TO:Stop doing one thing in order to sth else.

EXAMPLE: I stopped to pick up a letter that I’d dropped.

•TRY+VERB+ING:Do sth in order to solve a problem.

EXAMPLE: Perhaps you should try getting up (= You should get up) earlier.

•TRY+INFINITIVE WITH TO: Make an effort to do sth diffucult.

EXAMPLE: I tried to open the window