12 sinif ingilizce unit 4 konu anlatimi ders notlari

Ali can’t play basketball because he is short.

Ali can’t play basketball, for he is short.

Ali can’t play basketball since he is short.

Ali can’t play basketball as he is short.

Ali can’t play basketball because of his height.

The plane couldn’t land because the weather was bad.

The plane couldn’t land, for the weather was bad.

The plane couldn’t land since the weather was bad.

The plane couldn’t land as the weather was bad.

The plane couldn’t land because of the bad weather.

Keep the door closed: kapıyı kapalı tut

Keep your room tidy: odanı düzenli tut

Keep small objects out of reach

Küçük nesneleri ulaşılamayacak bir yerde tut

Keep your room tidy.

DON’T keep your room untidy.

Keep your feet hot.

DON’T keep your feet cold.

You must keep your room tidy.

Odanı düzenli tutmalısın.

You must keep your feet hot.

Ayaklarını sıcak tutmalısın.

You mustn’t smoke.

You mustn’t feed animals in the zoo.

You mustn’t tell lies.

You mustn’t drive without a licence.

May

Might

Could

should

Verb1 P R E S E N T

N o w

May have

Might have

Could have

Should have

Verb3 P A S T

YESTERD
AY

Ali got a low mark.

He might NOT have studied his lesson.

He may NOT have studied his lesson.

He could NOT have studied his lesson.

The student was crying.

He might have injured himself.

Past tense /
GEÇMİŞ
ZAMAN

Past tense/GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN

They didn’t eat the meat. It was too salty.

She should have put LESS SALT on it.

Türkan has not felt herself well for an hour.

She may eat something poisonous.

Zehirli bir şey yiyebilir.

She should have eaten something poisonous.

Zehirli bir şey yemeliydi. (ama yemedi)

She will have eaten something poisonous.

Zehirli bir şey yemiş olacak.

She might have eaten something poisonous.

Zehirli bir şey yemiş olabilir.

Work

Don’t work

NEVER work

Learn

Don’t learn

Never learn

Drive fast

Don’t drive fast

Never drive fast

Sleep

Don’t sleep

Never sleep

Smoke

Don’t smoke

Never smoke

Be rude

Don’t be rude

Never be rude

As

While

Just as

• İken PAST
  CONTINUOUS

As they were leaving,

While they were leaving,

Just as they were leaving,

WHEN they left,

WHEN + SIMPLE PAST

U S E D TO + V1

He used to run

He DID not USE to run.

DID he USE to run?

Koşardı.

Koşmazdı.

Koşar mıydı?

Have somebody do something

Birisinden bir şey yapmasını RİCA etmek

Make somebody do something

Birisine ZORLA bir şey yaptırmak

Do: yapmak

Force: zorlamak

As: çünkü

So: bu yüzden

Therefore: bu yüzden

Just as: -iken, (while)

Can do: yapabilir

Can BE done: yapıLabilir

Can love: sevebilir

Can BE loved: seviLebilir

Can wash: yıkayabilir

Can BE washed: yıkaNabilir

Can solve: çözebilir

Can BE solved: çözÜLebilir

Eski alışkanlıklarımızı anlatmak için USED TO V1 yapısını

kullanırız.

He used to drink milk.

I used to live in Karabük.

We used to eat junk food.

They used to use typewriters.

get somebody to do something “ikna”

Make somebody do something “zorla”

Get your child to sleep

Make your child sleep

Çocuğunu uyut
“ikna ederek”

Çocuğunu uyut
“zorla”

How often: Hangi sıklıkta, ne kadar sık

Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

Once, twice, three timeS, four timeS

Once a day

Twice a week

Three times a month

Three hours a night

How often do you go to the cinema? (always)

I

always

go

to the cinema.

I always go to the cinema.

How often do you go to the cinema? (once a week)

I

go

to the cinema

once a week.

I go to the cinema once a week.

The body needS to rest.

We need to understand each other

We need to drink enough water.

Was surfing

At this time yesterday

Sörf yapıYORdu

Had been surfing

now

now

P a s t

is surfing

PAST
CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

now

now

Has surfed

P a s t

Has been surfing

Action
FINISHED

Action CONTINUING

or finished

PRESENT
PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

carry out (v): uygula, yap

Can carry: uygulayabilir, yapabilir

Can BE carried: uygulaNabilir, yapILabilir

Will carry out: uygulayacak, yapacak

Will be CARRied OUT: uygulaNacak, yapILacak

Must carry out: uygulamak zorunda, yapmak zorunda

Must BE carrIED out: uygulaNmak zorunda

yapILmak zorunda

Scientists………………………………… (work) for ages.

I ……………………………………. (teach) English for 19 years.

She …………………………(prepared) the meal.

It smells delicious.

We …………………………….. (read) two books recently.

Ali ………………………….. (eat) ten apples so far.

have been working

have been teaching

has prepared

have read

has eaten

1

2

3

4

5

For the past five years

for

Can do: yapabilir

Must do: yapmak zorunda

Must have done: (kesinlikle) yapmış olmalı

Could have done: (zayıf olasılık) yapmış olabilir

Therefore

THUS

so

bu yüzden, bu sebeple

He didn’t study. Therefore, he failed.

He didn’t study, so he failed.

He didn’t study; THUS he failed.

There is no electricity. Therefore we can’t watch tv.

There is no electricity, so we can’t watch tv.

There is no electricity; THUS we can’t watch tv.

Since he is fat, he can’t run fast.

As he is fat, he can’t run fast.

He can’t run fast because he is fat.

He can’t run fast, for he is fat.

Since

As

Because

for

sentence